Table 3.
Univariate and multi-variate logistic regression analyses of factors associated with toxigenic Clostridioides difficile asymptomatic carriers aged >3 years.
| Variables | Asymptomatic non-C. difficile carriers n =1,724 |
Asymptomatic toxigenic C. difficile carriers n = 61 |
OR (95% CI) Univariate analysis |
P-value | aOR (95% CI) Multivariate analysis |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years (median, IQR) | 66 (47–80) | 66 (45–78) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 0.44 | ||
| Male gender | 813 (47.2) | 37 (60.7) | 1.7 (1.0–2.9) | 0.04 | ||
| Hospital | ||||||
| EGP01 | 347 (20.1) | 15 (24.6) | 0.62 | |||
| AV02 | 214 (12.4) | 9 (14.8) | 1.0 (0.4–2.3) | |||
| JV03 | 47 (2.7) | 2 (3.3) | 1.0 (0.2–4.4) | |||
| RM04 | 71 (4.1) | 2 (3.3) | 0.7 (0.1–2.9) | |||
| CC05 | 149 (8.6) | 6 (9.8) | 0.9 (0.3–2.4) | |||
| VG06 | 76 (4.4) | 4 (6.6) | 1.2 (0.4–3.8) | |||
| NCK07 | 115 (6.7) | 7 (11.5) | 1.4 (0.6–3.5) | |||
| RP08 | 103 (6.0) | 4 (6.6) | 0.9 (0.3–2.8) | |||
| SA09 | 313 (18.2) | 9 (14.8) | 0.7 (0.3–1.5) | |||
| CCH10 | 226 (13.1) | 2 (3.3) | 0.2 (0.0–0.9) | |||
| PB11 | 63 (3.7) | 1 (1.6) | 0.4 (0.0–2.8) | |||
| Hospital type | ||||||
| Acute care | 1,313 (76.2) | 42 (68.9) | 0.28 | |||
| Geriatric/Long-term care | 296 (17.2) | 12 (19.7) | 1.3 (0.7–2.4) | |||
| Pediatric | 115 (6.7) | 7 (11.5) | 1.9 (0.8–4.3) | |||
| Ward type | ||||||
| Medical | 862 (50.0) | 30 (49.2) | 0.42 | |||
| Surgery | 211 (12.2) | 8 (13.1) | 1.1 (0.5–2.4) | |||
| Motherhood | 134 (7.8) | 1 (1.6) | 0.2 (0.0–1.6) | |||
| Pediatrics | 69 (4.0) | 5 (8.2) | 2.1 (0.8–5.5) | |||
| Adult Intensive care unit | 112 (6.5) | 5 (8.2) | 1.3 (0.5–3.4) | |||
| Long-term care facilities | 336 (19.5) | 12 (19.7) | 1.0 (0.5–2.0) | |||
| Origin of the patient | ||||||
| Home | 1,343 (78.1) | 48 (78.7) | 0.91 | |||
| Transfer | 377 (21.9) | 13 (21.3) | 1.0 (0.5–1.8) | |||
| Other patient characteristics | ||||||
| France residing | 1,682 (97.6) | 59 (96.7) | 0.7 (0.2–3.1) | 0.68 | ||
| Hospitalization during the last 12 months | 759 (44.6) | 33 (54.1) | 1.5 (0.9–2.4) | 0.15 | ||
| Traveling abroad | 369 (21.6) | 8 (13.1) | 0.5 (0.3–1.2) | 0.11 | ||
| Antimicrobial treatment during the last 6 months | 763 (47.8) | 29 (59.2) | 1.6 (0.9–2.8) | 0.12 | ||
| Comorbidity | 1,229 (72.7) | 52 (88.1) | 2.8 (1.3–6.2) | 0.01 | ||
| Proton pump inhibitor | 683 (39.7) | 26 (42.6) | 1.1 (0.7–1.9) | 0.64 | ||
| Antacids | 115 (6.7) | 7 (11.5) | 1.8 (0.8–4.1) | 0.15 | ||
| Laxatives | 587 (34.3) | 24 (40.7) | 1.3 (0.8–2.2) | 0.31 | ||
| Previous CDI | 10 (0.7) | 2 (4.5) | 6.8 (1.4–32.1) | 0.01 | 5.8 (1.2–28.6) | 0.03 |
| MDRO co-carriage in this study | 253 (14.7) | 18 (29.5) | 2.4 (1.4–4.3) | 0.002 | 2.3 (1.2–4.7) | 0.02 |
| Home made products consumption | 1,337 (78.5) | 45 (73.8) | 1.3 (0.7–2.3) | 0.38 | ||
| Vegan or vegetarian | 56 (3.3) | 5 (8.3) | 2.7 (1.0–6.9) | 0.04 | ||
| Raw milk products consumption | 1,012 (59.8) | 26 (44.8) | 0.5 (0.3–0.9) | 0.02 | 0.5 (0.2–0.9) | 0.01 |
aOR, adjusted Odd Ratio; CDI, Clostridioides difficile infection; CI, confidence intervals; IQR, interquartile range; MDRO, multidrug-resistant organisms; OR, Odd Ratio. Significant values are indicated in bold.