TABLE 1.
Comparison of Clinical Characteristics of Tracheostomized Patients With and Without COVID-19
| Characteristics | COVID-19 Negative (n = 398) | COVID-19 Positive (n = 206) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age, yr, mean (sd) | 62.08 (14.84) | 61.55 (13.16) | 0.665 |
| Females | 142 (35.7) | 75 (36.4) | 0.93 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2, mean (sd) | 26.40 (9.06) | 27.93 (7.93) | 0.042 |
| Race | < 0.001 | ||
| White | 124 (31.2) | 61 (29.6) | |
| Hispanic | 38 (9.5) | 38 (18.4) | |
| African-American | 102 (25.6) | 29 (14.1) | |
| Asian | 26 (6.5) | 6 (2.9) | |
| Other | 108 (27.1) | 72 (35.0) | |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Hypertension | 210 (52.8) | 113 (54.9) | 0.687 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 115 (28.9) | 64 (31.1) | 0.645 |
| Diabetes | 130 (32.7) | 79 (38.3) | 0.193 |
| Coronary artery disease | 102 (25.6) | 29 (14.1) | 0.002 |
| Congestive heart failure | 76 (19.1) | 13 (6.3) | < 0.001 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/asthma | 44 (11.1) | 34 (16.5) | 0.078 |
| Interstitial lung disease | 5 (1.3) | 4 (1.9) | 0.499 |
| Other lung disease | 31 (7.8) | 10 (4.9) | 0.229 |
| Connective tissue disease | 10 (2.5) | 2 (1.0) | 0.237 |
| Malignancy | 61 (15.3) | 19 (9.2) | 0.049 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 62 (15.6) | 17 (8.3) | 0.016 |
| End-stage renal disease | 39 (9.8) | 11 (5.3) | 0.063 |
| Liver disease | 48 (12.1) | 10 (4.9) | 0.004 |
| HIV | 16 (4.0) | 2 (1.0) | 0.042 |
| Cerebrovascular accident | 43 (10.8) | 16 (7.8) | 0.295 |
| Dementia | 18 (4.5) | 8 (3.9) | 0.834 |
Note—except where indicated, data are number of patients, with percentages in parentheses. Continuous variables are presented as means and sds for normally distributed data. Categorical variables are summarized as frequencies and percentages. Differences in distributions of characteristics of those with and those without COVID-19 were analyzed using Student t test for continuous variables and χ2 test or Fisher exact test (for samples with < 15 observations) for categorical variables. Boldface values indicate statistical significance (p < 0.05).