TABLE 3.
Comparison of Clinical Outcomes and Weaning Parameters in Tracheostomized Patients With and Without COVID-19
| Outcomes | COVID-19 Negative (n = 398) | COVID-19 Positive (n = 206) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ventilation weaning | |||
| Time from tracheostomy to first pressure support placement (d) | 1.80 (3.43) | 2.87 (5.28) | 0.005 |
| Time from tracheostomy to first trach collar placement (d) | 4.46 (5.87) | 11.07 (14.29) | < 0.001 |
| Time from tracheostomy to speech valve placement (d) | 23.09 (21.84) | 29.91 (22.08) | 0.062 |
| Time from tracheostomy to decannulation (d) | 49.32 (43.70) | 54.50 (46.11) | 0.474 |
| Eventual decannulation | 112 (28.1) | 63 (30.6) | 0.594 |
| LOS, d | |||
| Hospital LOS | 60.14 (56.40) | 54.29 (38.61) | 0.182 |
| ICU LOS | 40.22 (46.42) | 39.20 (24.27) | 0.769 |
| Mortality | |||
| Hospital mortality | 145 (36.4) | 74 (35.9) | 0.973 |
| One-yr mortality | 146 (36.7) | 48 (23.3) | 0.001 |
| Disposition | |||
| Home | 23 (5.8) | 14 (6.8) | 0.015 |
| Skilled nursing facility/rehabilitation | 164 (41.2) | 67 (32.5) | |
| Long-term acute care hospital | 54 (13.6) | 49 (23.8) | |
| Expired | 145 (36.4) | 73 (35.4) | |
| Others | 12 (3.0) | 3 (1.5) | |
| Complications from tracheostomy | 0.695 | ||
| Yes | 65 (16.3) | 37 (18.0) | |
| No | 333 (83.7) | 169 (82.0) | |
LOS = length of stay.
Note—except where indicated, data are number of patients, with percentages in parentheses. Continuous variables are presented as means and sds for normally distributed data. Categorical variables are summarized as frequencies and percentages. Differences in distributions of characteristics of those with and those without COVID-19 were analyzed using Student t test for continuous variables and χ2 test or Fisher exact test (for samples with < 15 observations) for categorical variables. Boldface values indicate statistical significance (p < 0.05).