Table 2.
Association between each variable and depression after stratification by region.
| Variables | Model 1 (Eastern) | Model 2 (Central) | Model 3 (Western) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p | HR (95% CI) | p | HR (95% CI) | p | |
| Age (year) | ||||||
| <60 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| ≥60 | 0.864 (0.741, 1.007) | 0.062 | 0.865 (0.757, 0.989) | 0.033 | 0.927 (0.808, 1.064) | 0.284 |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Female | 1.134 (0.923, 1.392) | 0.231 | 1.421 (1.191, 1.696) | <0.001 | 1.447 (1.200, 1.744) | <0.001 |
| Highest level of education | ||||||
| High school and above | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Middle school | 1.586 (1.204, 2.089) | 0.001 | 1.137 (0.917, 1.410) | 0.241 | 1.195 (0.911, 1.567) | 0.198 |
| Primary school and below | 1.821 (1.413, 2.347) | <0.001 | 1.410 (1.155, 1.721) | <0.001 | 1.576 (1.229, 2.021) | <0.001 |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Married | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Divorced | 1.019 (0.525, 1.980) | 0.956 | 0.888 (0.359, 1.997) | 0.775 | 1.070 (0.571, 2.006) | 0.833 |
| Widowed | 1.234 (0.960, 1.610) | 0.099 | 1.064 (0.847, 1.336) | 0.596 | 0.966 (0.768, 1.215) | 0.765 |
| Unmarried | 1.411 (0.695, 2.864) | 0.341 | 1.107 (0.411, 2.980) | 0.841 | 1.652 (0.775, 3.522) | 0.194 |
| Health insurance status | ||||||
| Yes | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| No | 1.363 (1.032, 1.802) | 0.029 | 0.935 (0.728, 1.201) | 0.935 | 1.145 (0.893, 1.468) | 0.285 |
| Nighttime sleep duration (hour) | ||||||
| >8 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 5–8 | 1.090 (0.939, 1.265) | 0.259 | 1.084 (0.950, 1.236) | 0.229 | 1.125 (0.980, 1.293) | 0.095 |
| <5 | 1.599 (1.242, 2.058) | <0.001 | 1.377 (1.129, 1.680) | 0.002 | 1.305 (1.067, 1.596) | 0.010 |
| Drinking status | ||||||
| >Once/month | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| <Once/month | 1.042 (0.782, 1.390) | 0.777 | 1.071 (0.836, 1.372) | 0.588 | 1.023 (0.791, 1.324) | 0.860 |
| Never | 1.186 (0.981, 1.435) | 0.078 | 1.120 (0.948, 1.323) | 0.181 | 0.950 (0.804, 1.122) | 0.545 |
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Current smoker | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Former smoker | 0.916 (0.707, 1.187) | 0.508 | 0.883 (0.694, 1.125) | 0.315 | 1.107 (0.854, 1.434) | 0.443 |
| Never smoked | 1.001 (0.816, 1.230) | 0.959 | 0.916 (0.768, 1.092) | 0.327 | 0.962 (0.798, 1.161) | 0.688 |
| Social activity participation | ||||||
| Yes | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| No | 1.084 (0.945, 1.245) | 0.249 | 1.136 (1.007, 1.281) | 0.038 | 1.218 (1.072, 1.383) | 0.003 |
| Income status | ||||||
| Yes | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| No | 1.117 (0.941, 1.327) | 0.207 | 1.203 (1.000, 1.447) | 0.050 | 1.265 (1.002, 1.597) | 0.048 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||
| 18.5 ~ 24 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| <18.5 | 1.235 (0.898, 1.697) | 0.194 | 1.172 (0.888, 1.545) | 0.262 | 1.142 (0.887, 1.472) | 0.304 |
| 24 ~ 28 | 1.015 (0.900, 1.226) | 0.530 | 0.977 (0.852, 1.121) | 0.740 | 0.962 (0.826, 1.121) | 0.623 |
| >28 | 0.770 (0.615, 0.964) | 0.023 | 0.973 (0.805, 1.175) | 0.775 | 1.006 (0.814, 1.242) | 0.958 |
| Number of chronic diseases | ||||||
| 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 1 | 1.156 (0.982, 1.359) | 0.081 | 1.208 (1.042, 1.400) | 0.012 | 1.230 (1.056, 1.433) | 0.008 |
| 2 | 1.356 (1.108, 1.660) | 0.003 | 1.416 (1.193, 1.681) | <0.001 | 1.204 (1.010, 1.435) | 0.038 |
| 3+ | 1.367 (1.081, 1.728) | 0.009 | 1.434 (1.188, 1.730) | <0.001 | 1.385 (1.129, 1.699) | 0.002 |