Figure 2.

Risk of dementia and death by smoking cessation status over 20 years of follow-up, using data from the Rotterdam Study, the Netherlands, 1990–2015. A) Total effect on dementia risk: Curves represent the cause-specific cumulative incidence or crude risk of dementia over 20 years of follow-up had participants continued smoking vs. quit smoking. B) Controlled direct effect on dementia risk: Curves represent the marginal cumulative incidence or net risk of dementia (had death been eliminated) over 20 years of follow-up had participants continued smoking vs. quit smoking. C) Total effect on mortality: Curves represent the cumulative incidence or risk of all-cause mortality over 20 years of follow-up had participants continued smoking vs. quit smoking.