Table 3.

Total Effect and Controlled Direct Effect of Smoking Cessation (Compared With Continued Smoking) on the Risk of Dementia, and the Total Effect on Risk of Mortality, at 20 Years of Follow-up, for Participants From the Rotterdam Study, the Netherlands, 1990–2015

Causal Effect	Risk Difference	95% CI	Risk Ratio	95% CI
Total effect on dementia	2.1	−0.1, 4.2	1.21	0.99, 1.50
Controlled direct effect on dementia (with IPCW for death)	−2.7	−6.1, 0.8	0.86	0.72, 1.05
Total effect on mortality	−17.4	−20.5, −14.2	0.68	0.63, 0.72

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; IPCW, inverse-probability-of-censoring weights.