Table 1.
Sex-related aspects and recommendations in hypertension guidelines.
| Statements/recommendations | WHO 2021 [9] | ISH 2020 [10] | ESC/ESH 2018 [2] | ACC/AHA 2017 [3] | Latin American 2016 [11] | NICE 2019 [https://www.nice.org.uk/guideance/ng136] | Australian 2016 [29] | Japanese 2019 [34] | Chinese 2018 [33] | Korean 2018 [30–32] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Impact as modifier of baseline cardiovascular risk is lower in women | √ | √ | √ | √ | NR | NR | √ | √ | NR | √ |
| Family history of premature CVD based on age-sex criteria | NR | No | √ | No | NR | NR | √ | √ | √ | √ |
| Lifetime differences in hypertension prevalence between men and women | NR | NR | √ | √ | NR | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ |
| Blood pressure trajectories in men and women during lifespan | NR | NR | √ | NR | NR | NR | √ | √ | NR | √ |
| Fibromuscular dysplasia more frequent in women | NR | √ | √ | √ | √ | NR | √ | √ | NR | √ |
| Masked vs white-coat hypertension less frequent in women | NR | NR | √ | √ | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | √ |
| Drug-induced men sexual dysfunction issues | NR | NR | √ | √ | NR | NR | √ | √ | NR | √ |
| Drug-induced women sexual dysfunction | NR | NR | √ | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Sex-related side effects other than sexual dysfunction | NR | NR | NR | √ | NR | NR | NR | √ | NR | NR |
| Different upper limit of alcohol consumption in men and women | NR | √ | √ | √ | NR | √ | No | √ | √ | √ |
| Beta-blockers as a treatment option in young women | NR | √ | √ | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Sex-related thresholds and targets of BP-lowering treatment | √ | NR | √ | √ | NR | NR | NR | √ | NR | √ |
| Hormone replacement therapy | NR | NR | √ | √ | NR | NR | √ | √ | NR | √ |
| Oral contraceptives | NR | NR | √ | √ | NR | NR | √ | √ | NR | √ |
| Gender issues | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
BP blood pressure, CVD cardiovascular disease, No no sex-related statement or recommendation, NR not reported, √ existing statement or recommendation.