Table 2.

Percentage of gastric bioaccessible elements measured in soil and the bioaccessible hazard quotient for soil ingestion in adults and children

Total (mg kg−1) | BAF (%)		As		Cd		Cr		Hg		Ni		Pb
Sample type (n samples)		Total	As%	Total	Cd%	Total	Cr%	Total	Hg%	Total	Ni%	Total	Pb%
Agricultural soils (2)	Range	24–103	2–3	0.1–0.3	46–51*	102–257	0.3	6.8–21.1	35–51*	44–78	6–9	18–3	24–25*
	Mean	64	2	0.2	49*	180	0.3	19	43	61	7	28.4	24*
Ores, mining and processing sites (5)	Range	96–5348	1–6	0.1–1	2–42*	128–1005	0–18*	0.03–88	1–72*	16–239	0.4–14	25–290	2–30*
	Mean	2272	3	0.6	19*	362	4.3	21.2	19*	112	6	125	17*
Schools, playgrounds and residential soils (13)	Range	4.8–8567	2–60*	0.06–1.03	11–56*	73–1682	0.1–1 2	0.07–6.9	2–39*	12–445	4–10	18–181	1–35*
	Mean	640	9	0.27	35*	640	1.8	2.1	10	166	7	47	19*
BHQ (adults)	Range	0.04 –289*		0.004–0.055		0.05–1.57		0.01–4.95*		0.003–0.15		0.01–1.31*
	Mean	26.8		0.021		0.19		0.81		0.05		0.37
BHQ (children)	Range	0.4–2700*		0.04–0.51		0.05–14.6*		0.1–46.2*		0.03–1.06*		0.13–1.22*
	Mean	20.5*		0.16		0.79		0.92		0.27		2.4*

BAF values in bold, italics with (*) exceed 15% and are considered high. BHQ values in bold, italics with (*) exceed 1 and indicate health risks associated with ingestion of PTE-polluted soils

BAF%, bioaccessible fraction%; BHQ, bioaccessible hazard quotient