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. 2023 Jun 12;81(3):492–502. doi: 10.1007/s12020-023-03412-9

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Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Following GlcN treatment the total amount of β-catenin decreased. Sub-confluent INS-1E cells were mock treated or treated with 7.5 mM GlcN for 48 h. Cell extracts were evaluated for protein content and resolved by SDS-PAGE, blotted, and probed for β-catenin and actin. Following GlcN treatment total β-catenin decreased. The graph represents the media ± SD of three independent experiments. The difference between treated and control cells was evaluated using Student’s t test. p < 0.05 was considered significant. *p < 0.05. n = 3