Table 3.
Adjusted odds ratios and 95% CIs for asthenozoospermia by tertile of dietary common fatty acid intake.*
| Variables | Cases (N = 549) | Controls (N = 581) | OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capric acid (g/day) † | T1 (<0.14) | 174 | 193 | 1.00 (Ref) |
| T2 (0.14 to <0.21) | 165 | 193 | 0.98 (0.73–1.33) | |
| T3 (≥0.21) | 210 | 195 | 0.78 (0.58–1.06) | |
| Continuous (per SD increment) | 0.91 (0.80–1.03) | |||
| P for trend** | 0.09 | |||
| Lauric acid (g/day) † | T1 (<0.35) | 173 | 193 | 1.00 (Ref) |
| T2 (0.35 to <0.51) | 177 | 193 | 0.95 (0.70–1.28) | |
| T3 (≥0.51) | 199 | 195 | 0.85 (0.63–1.14) | |
| Continuous (per SD increment) | 0.97 (0.86–1.10) | |||
| P for trend** | 0.26 | |||
| Myristic acid (g/day) † | T1 (<0.85) | 203 | 193 | 1.00 (Ref) |
| T2 (0.85 to <1.16) | 169 | 193 | 1.15 (0.86–1.56) | |
| T3 (≥1.16) | 177 | 195 | 1.17 (0.86–1.60) | |
| Continuous (per SD increment) | 1.05 (0.93–1.20) | |||
| P for trend** | 0.34 | |||
| Palmitic acid (g/day) † | T1 (<9.41) | 205 | 193 | 1.00 (Ref) |
| T2 (9.41 to <11.14) | 179 | 193 | 1.04 (0.76–1.41) | |
| T3 (≥11.14) | 165 | 195 | 1.16 (0.84–1.62) | |
| Continuous (per SD increment) | 1.07 (0.94–1.23) | |||
| P for trend** | 0.37 | |||
| Stearic acid (g/day) † | T1 (<3.05) | 217 | 193 | 1.00 (Ref) |
| T2 (3.05 to <3.77) | 195 | 193 | 1.14 (0.85–1.55) | |
| T3 (≥3.77) | 137 | 195 | 1.74 (1.21–2.53) | |
| Continuous (per SD increment) | 1.29 (1.09–1.52) | |||
| P for trend** | <0.05 | |||
| Arachidic acid (g/day) † | T1 (<0.07) | 200 | 193 | 1.00 (Ref) |
| T2 (0.07 to <0.09) | 193 | 193 | 0.98 (0.72–1.33) | |
| T3 (≥0.09) | 156 | 195 | 1.26 (0.86–1.84) | |
| Continuous (per SD increment) | 1.16 (0.98–1.39) | |||
| P for trend** | 0.21 | |||
| Palmitoleic acid (g/day) † | T1 (<0.71) | 225 | 193 | 1.00 (Ref) |
| T2 (0.71 to <0.94) | 167 | 193 | 1.35 (0.99–1.83) | |
| T3 (≥0.94) | 157 | 195 | 1.50 (1.05–2.16) | |
| Continuous (per SD increment) | 1.29 (1.09–1.54) | |||
| P for trend** | <0.05 | |||
| Oleic acid (g/day) † | T1 (<12.41) | 210 | 193 | 1.00 (Ref) |
| T2 (12.41 to <14.83) | 165 | 193 | 1.19 (0.87–1.62) | |
| T3 (≥14.83) | 174 | 195 | 1.14 (0.80–1.61) | |
| Continuous (per SD increment) | 1.04 (0.89–1.22) | |||
| P for trend** | 0.47 | |||
| Erucic acid (g/day) † | T1 (<0.13) | 197 | 193 | 1.00 (Ref) |
| T2 (0.13 to <0.29) | 167 | 193 | 1.11 (0.80–1.54) | |
| T3 (≥0.29) | 185 | 195 | 1.09 (0.81–1.46) | |
| Continuous (per SD increment) | 0.95 (0.84–1.07) | |||
| P for trend** | 0.67 | |||
| Linoleic acid (g/day) † | T1 (<5.39) | 188 | 193 | 1.00 (Ref) |
| T2 (5.39 to <6.66) | 147 | 193 | 1.22 (0.89–1.69) | |
| T3 (≥6.66) | 214 | 195 | 0.80 (0.57–1.11) | |
| Continuous (per SD increment) | 0.86 (0.74–0.99) | |||
| P for trend** | 0.12 | |||
| α-Linolenic acid (g/day) † | T1 (<0.63) | 187 | 193 | 1.00 (Ref) |
| T2 (0.63 to <0.81) | 163 | 193 | 1.06 (0.77–1.46) | |
| T3 (≥0.81) | 199 | 195 | 0.86 (0.60–1.22) | |
| Continuous (per SD increment) | 0.91 (0.77–1.08) | |||
| P for trend** | 0.33 | |||
| Arachidonic acid (g/day) † | T1 (<0.03) | 229 | 193 | 1.00 (Ref) |
| T2 (0.03 to <0.04) | 162 | 193 | 1.38 (1.01–1.87) | |
| T3 (≥0.04) | 158 | 195 | 1.45 (1.03–2.05) | |
| Continuous (per SD increment) | 1.21 (1.03–1.42) | |||
| P for trend** | <0.05 | |||
| Eicosapentaenoic acid (g/day) † | T1 (<0.03) | 196 | 193 | 1.00 (Ref) |
| T2 (0.03 to <0.05) | 178 | 193 | 1.06 (0.78–1.42) | |
| T3 (≥0.05) | 175 | 195 | 1.09 (0.80–1.49) | |
| Continuous (per SD increment) | 1.08 (0.95–1.23) | |||
| P for trend** | 0.59 | |||
| Docosahexaenoic acid (g/day) † | T1 (<0.01) | 194 | 193 | 1.00 (Ref) |
| T2 (0.01 to <0.04) | 174 | 193 | 1.07 (0.80–1.44) | |
| T3 (≥0.04) | 181 | 195 | 1.07 (0.79–1.45) | |
| Continuous (per SD increment) | 1.04 (0.92–1.18) | |||
| P for trend** | 0.71 | |||
MET, metabolic equivalent; OR, odds ratio; Ref, reference; T, tertile.
The SD for the listed fatty acids are 0.10, 0.26, 0.41, 2.66, 0.99, 0.03, 0.28, 3.27, 0.44, 1.99, 0.27, 0.01, 0.03, and 0.03 g/day, respectively.
Odds ratios and 95% CIs were calculated with the use of unconditional logistic regression model with adjustment for age (continuous, years), BMI (continuous, kg/m2), alcohol drinking (yes or no), cigarette smoking (yes or no), dietary change (yes or no), household income (<50, 50 to <100, or ≥100, thousand yuan), education (junior secondary or below, senior high school/technical secondary school, and junior college/university or above), physical activity (continuous, MET/hours/week), abstinence time (continuous, days), and total energy (continuous, kcal/day), total protein (continuous, g/day), and total carbohydrate (continuous, g/day) intake.
Adjusted for energy by the residual method.
Test for trend based on variables containing the median value for each tertile.