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. 2023 Jul 1;33(4):955–962. doi: 10.1007/s40670-023-01826-8

Table 2.

Proportions of Anki users and mean exam scores by levels of dependency on Anki, confidence for exam, and preparedness for exam

Course I Course II Course III CBSE
Variable and level n (%) Mean (SD) n (%) Mean (SD) n (%) Mean (SD) n (%) Mean (SD)

Dependency on Anki

   Low

   Medium

   High

   Total

7 (14.6)

18 (37.5)

23 (47.9)

48 (100)

83.3 (10.5)

85.9 (6.5)

92.0 (4.5)*,**

p = 0.008

6 (15.4)

9 (23.1)

24 (61.5)

39 (100)

74.5 (8.7)

85.3 (7.7)*

90.9 (3.4)*

p = 0.001

2 (8.7)

5 (21.7)

16 (69.6)

23 (100)

75.5 (10.6)

85.8 (6.4)

85.4 (6.6)

p = 0.166

0 (0.0)

3 (30.0)

7 (70.0)

10 (100)

na

59.3 (10.8)

77.8 (11.4)

p = 0.044

How confident for exam

   Not at all/slightly

   Somewhat/fairly

   Completely

   Total

2 (4.2)

32 (66.7)

14 (29.2)

48 (100)

87.0 (1.4)

86.7 (7.9)

92.7 (2.8)***

p = 0.011

7 (17.9)

24 (61.5)

8 (20.5)

39 (100)

80.7 (12.5)

82.8 (8.8)

87.9 (5.8)

p = 0.193

3 (13.0)

17 (73.9)

3 (13.0)

23 (100)

73.7 (5.5)

85.4 (5.8)***

91.0 (3.5)***

p = 0.003

5 (50.0)

4 (40.0)

1 (10.0)

10 (100)

66.9 (13.2)

71.9 (6.4)

100 (-)

p = 0.519

How prepared for exam

   Not at all/slightly

   Somewhat/fairly

   Completely

   Total

2 (4.2)

38 (79.2)

8 (16.7)

48 (100)

69.5 (2.1)

88.4 (6.2)***

93.4 (3.0)***

p < 0.001

4 (10.3)

25 (64.1)

10 (25.6)

39 (100)

81.1 (10.0)

85.0 (8.0)

91.3 (2.4)***

p = 0.005

1 (4.3)

16 (69.6)

6 (26.1)

23 (100)

74.0 (-)

82.8 (6.4)

91.3 (3.4)

p = 0.006

9 (90.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (10.0)

10 (100)

69.1 (10.5)

na

100 (-)

na

CBSE Comprehensive Basic Science Exam, NA not applicable, SD standard deviation. Mean (SD) is the score on the course exam

p values are from one-way analysis of variance. Superscripted a, b, and c are from Bonferroni multiple comparison tests

* p < 0.05 vs. low dependency; ** p < 0.05 vs. medium dependency; *** p < 0.05 vs. not at all/slightly