Table 1.

Influence of sonication and vacuum infiltration on the transformation efficiency of soybean cv. JS335 (modified half-seed explant) infected and co-cultivated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105 harboring pCAMBIA1301

Sonication (minutes)	Vacuum infiltration (minutes)	Number of explants infected	Number of primary shoot surviveda	Number of rooted shootsb	Number of plants survived after hardeningc	Number of hpt II PCR positive plantsd	Transformation efficiency (%)e
0	0	100	15.3 ± 0.8j	9.6 ± 1.4j	6.6 ± 0.6j	6.6 ± 0.6j	6.6 ± 0.6j
1	–	100	35.6 ± 1.3g	20.6 ± 0.8g	12.3 ± 1.4f	12.3 ± 1.4f	12.3 ± 1.4f
10	–	100	54.6 ± 0.8b	44.3 ± 1.4b	26.3 ± 0.6c	26.3 ± 0.6c	26.3 ± 0.6c
20	–	100	42.3 ± 1.4e	31.6 ± 1.4e	19.3 ± 1.4e	19.3 ± 1.4e	19.3 ± 1.4e
30	–	100	27.3 ± 0.8h	18.3 ± 0.8h	9.3 ± 0.8i	9.3 ± 0.8i	9.3 ± 0.8i
–	1	100	39.0 ± 1.1f	28.3 ± 0.8f	11.6 ± 0.6g	11.6 ± 0.6g	11.6 ± 0.6g
–	10	100	51.6 ± 0.3c	40.6 ± 0.3c	28.0 ± 1.4b	28.0 ± 1.4b	28.0 ± 1.4b
–	20	100	44.3 ± 1.4d	35.3 ± 0.3d	21.3 ± 0.6d	21.3 ± 0.6d	21.3 ± 0.6d
–	30	100	21.3 ± 0.8i	17.0 ± 0.6i	10.3 ± 0.8h	10.3 ± 0.8 h	10.3 ± 0.8 h
10	10	100	54.6 ± 1.1a	46.6 ± 0.3a	38.0 ± 0.5a	38.0 ± 0.5a	38.0 ± 0.5a

Mean values of three independent experiments (±) with standard errors (n = 100 × 3). Values with the different letters within columns are significantly different according to Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT) at a 5% level

^aTotal number of primary shoots survived on regeneration medium (MS + 2.2 μM BAP + 3 mg l⁻¹ hygromycin B) after 30 days of culture

^bTotal number of primary shoots responded for the root development after 30 days of culture on rooting medium (MS + 4.9 μM IBA + 2 mg l⁻¹ hygromycin B)

^cTotal number of putatively transformed plants that survived in the greenhouse after hardening

^dTotal number of putatively transformed plants showing the presence of hpt II

^eTransformation efficiency = number of hpt II PCR positive plants/total number of infected explants × 100

The superscript letter f, g, h, i, j shows that these values are significantly different according to DMRT