Table 5.
Subgroup analyses for risk of invasive breast cancer according to categories of cumulative total olive oil intake using pooled data from NHS and NHSII.
| Never or <1 per month | >0– ≤4.5 g/d ( >0 to ≤1 teaspoon) | >4.5– ≤7 g/d >1 teaspoon to ≤1/2 TBS) | >7 g/d (>1/2 TBS) | P for trend | P for interaction | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subgroup | ||||||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | ||||||
| <25 kg/m2 | 1 (Ref.) | 1.03 (0.95, 1.12) | 1.06 (0.93, 1.20) | 1.03 (0.92, 1.17) | 0.73 | 0.67 |
| ≥25 kg/m2 | 1 (Ref.) | 1.02 (0.95, 1.09) | 1.05 (0.94, 1.17) | 0.94 (0.85, 1.05) | 0.26 | |
| AHEI-2010 | ||||||
| Below median | 1 (Ref.) | 1.02 (0.95, 1.09) | 1.03 (0.90, 1.17) | 1.03 (0.90, 1.16) | 0.76 | 0.68 |
| Above median | 1 (Ref.) | 1.06 (0.97, 1.15) | 1.09 (0.97, 1.22) | 1.00 (0.89, 1.11) | 0.43 | |
| AMED | ||||||
| Below median | 1 (Ref.) | 1.06 (0.95, 1.19) | 1.14 (0.94, 1.39) | 1.09 (0.89, 1.33) | 0.37 | 0.08 |
| Above median | 1 (Ref.) | 1.10 (0.95, 1.26) | 1.05 (0.87, 1.26) | 1.01 (0.84, 1.20) | 0.31 | |
| Ancestry | ||||||
| Southern European/Mediterranean | 1 (Ref.) | 1.00 (0.88, 1.15) | 1.11 (0.92, 1.34) | 0.93 (0.78, 1.11) | 0.51 | 0.40 |
| Other ancestry | 1 (Ref.) | 1.05 (0.99, 1.11) | 1.06 (0.96, 1.16) | 1.04 (0.95, 1.14) | 0.76 | |
| Menopausal status | ||||||
| Premenopausal | 1 (Ref.) | 1.04 (0.76, 1.41) | 0.85 (0.43, 1.69) | 0.98 (0.54 1.78) | 0.79 | 0.97 |
| Postmenopausal | 1 (Ref.) | 1.01 (0.95, 1.09) | 1.09 (0.97, 1.21) | 0.99 (0.89, 1.09) | 0.99 | |
Results are expressed as Hazard Ratios (HR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI). Multivariable model adjusted for ethnicity (white, non-white), Southern European/Mediterranean ancestry (yes, no), age at menarche (<12, 12, 13, 14, >14 years), menopausal status and age at menopause (premenopausal, <45, 45–49, 50–52, 53 + , unknown), postmenopausal hormone use (never user, past user, current user– estrogen only for <5 years, current user – estrogen only for ≥5 years, current estrogen + progestin user for <5 years, current estrogen + progestin user for ≥5 years, current user of other types), oral contraceptive use history (never, ever), parity and age at first birth (nulliparous, 1 child before age 25, 1 child at ≥25 years of age, 2+ children before age 25, 2+ children ≥25 years of age), breastfeeding history (never, breastfed for ≤ 6 months, breastfed for >6 months), family history of breast cancer (yes or no), history of biopsy-confirmed benign breast disease (yes or no), height ( <1.60, 1.60–1.64, 1.65–1.69, 1.70–1.74, 1.75 + m), cumulatively updated total caloric intake (kcal/day, quintiles), physical activity (continuous MET-hours/week), neighborhood-based socioeconomic status indicator (continuous) and BMI at age 18 ( <20.0, 20.0–21.9, 22.0–23.9, 24.0–26.9, ≥27.0).
AHEI Alternate Healthy Eating Index, AMED Alternate Mediterranean Diet Score, NHS Nurses’ Health Study, NHSII Nurses’ Health Studies II.