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. 2023 Aug 4;10:519. doi: 10.1038/s41597-023-02415-5

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© This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply 2023

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Fig. 1 — Schematic and equations of energy transfers affecting sea ice. Dynamic terms are in purple; thermodynamic terms at the surface-atmosphere interface in red (the subject of the present data set), through the ice in blue, and in the ocean in green. D = ice divergence; ψ is mechanical ice redistribution function (ridging); T is thermodynamic ice growth/melt rate; L is lateral melt; u is horizontal ice velocity; τ_a is wind stress; τ_w is ocean stress; Σ is force due to ice interaction; C_f is Coriolis force; H is gravitational acceleration down ocean surface slope; F₀ is net atmosphere-ice heat flux, F_s is atmosphere sensible heat flux; F_l is latent heat flux; F_LD is incoming longwave (LW) flux; F_LU is outgoing LW flux; F_SD is incoming shortwave (SW) flux; α is the surface albedo; i₀ = fraction of absorbed shortwave flux that penetrates into the ice; F_0i = net ocean-ice heat flux; F_so = ocean turbulent sensible heat flux; F_SWz is shortwave radiation reaching ice bottom; F_cb, F_ct are the conductive heat fluxes at ice top and bottom, respectively; dh/dt = melt or growth of ice thickness.