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. 2023 Aug 4;14:4685. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-39750-5

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a Comparison of marker genes of myeloid clusters with previously identified human microglial gene sets reported by Marta Olah and David Gosselin. b Volcano plot (left) and Metascape analysis (right) of marker genes for C1QC⁺ macrophages compared with other myeloid clusters. c Co-localization of CD68 (red), C1QC (green), TMEM119 (pink) and P2RY12 (magenta) in C1QC⁺ macrophages of an achalasia patient. Scale bar, 20 μm. Arrow, C1QC⁺ macrophages. d Volcano plot (left) and Metascape analysis (right) of the DEGs for C1QC⁺ macrophages between achalasia and controls. e Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) analysis comparing DEGs for C1QC⁺ macrophages with signatures of neurodegenerative dysfunctional microglia. f, g Comparison of DEGs for C1QC⁺ macrophages with neurodegenerative dysfunctional genes of microglia by bar chart (f) and Venn diagram (g). h Heatmap showing the specific DEGs for C1QC⁺ macrophages that overlapped with neurodegenerative dysfunctional genes of microglia. Statistics: Volcano plots (b-left, d-left) were calculated by a two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum test; Metascape analysis (b-right, d-right) was calculated by Fisher’s exact test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.