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. 2023 Aug 4;14:4685. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-39750-5

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a A bar chart depicting the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between achalasia and controls for the 26 lymphocyte clusters. b Dot plot of DEGs for the 26 lymphocyte clusters in blood and LES tissue. c Volcano plot showing the merged DEGs for T_RM. d Specific DEGs for T_RM, GZMK⁺ CD8⁺ T cells (Tc2), and GNLY⁺ CD8⁺ T cells (Tc8). e GO (up) and KEGG (down) analysis of DEGs for the 26 lymphocyte clusters. f Metascape analysis of DEGs for T_RM. Statistics: P-value in (b–d): two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum test; P-value in (e, f): Fisher’s exact test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.