Fig. 4. Ad-CAIX/Ad-PD-L1 enhanced the induction of multifunctional CD8⁺ T cells and relied on CD8⁺ T cells to exert anti-tumor effects.

a, b The proportions of T cell subsets of TNF-α⁺IFN-γ⁺CD8⁺, TNF-α⁺IL-2⁺CD8⁺, IFN-γ⁺IL-2⁺CD8⁺, and TNF-α⁺IFN-γ⁺IL-2⁺CD8⁺ in the splenocytes and TILs in each group. c, d The tumor volumes and weights of mice in each group at the endpoint of the CD8⁺ T cell depletion assay. e, f The percentages of CD8⁺ T cells and CD8⁺ DCs in spleens and TILs in each group in the CD8⁺ T cell depletion assay. Data were from one representative experiment of three performed and presented as mean ± SD. The different significance was set at **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001. Multiple groups of comparison data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA or two-tailed independent Student’s t-test was performed for two groups of comparison data, respectively.