Fig. 7. The schematic illustration of the therapeutic effect of Ad-CAIX/Ad-PD-L1 in renal tumor models.

Ad-CAIX and Ad- PD-L1 vaccines were prepared and expressed in vitro. Three tumor models, including the subcutaneous, lung metastasis, and orthotropic tumor, were established, and intramuscular Ad vaccine immunization was performed. Ad-CAIX/Ad-PD-L1 could effectively enhance the induction and maturation of DCs and DC subsets, and promote strong tumor-specific CD8⁺ T cell immune responses. Ad-CAIX/Ad-PD-L1 vaccine could significantly inhibit tumor growth or lung metastasis in three models via DCs-mediated CD8⁺ T cell anti-tumor responses.