Table 4.
Changes in antecedent factors of physical activity in the before-and-after study among workers with high blood pressure (n=29).a
| Variables | P0ab, median (IQR) | Changes from P0a to P1ac | Changes from P0a to P2ad | ||||
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Median (95% CI) | P valuee | Median (95% CI) | P valuee | ||
| Self-efficacy | |||||||
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Goal-related self-efficacy (%)f | 72.5 (63.8-92.5) | 0 (−7.5 to +12.5) | .38 | +5 (−5 to +15) | .05 | |
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Self-efficacy in walking behaviorg | 11 (8-16) | 0 (−2 to +2) | .68 | 0 (−2 to +3) | .48 | |
| Self-regulationh | |||||||
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Total score | 20 (16-25) | +5 (+2 to +10) | <.001 | +4 (+3 to +13) | <.001 | |
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Self-monitoring | 4 (2-5) | +2 (+1 to +3) | <.001 | +1 (+1 to +2) | <.001 | |
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Goal setting | 4 (2-4) | +1 (0 to +2) | .002 | +2 (+1 to +3) | <.001 | |
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Eliciting social support | 2 (2-2) | 0 (0 to 0) | .09 | 0 (0 to 0) | .14 | |
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Reinforcements | 5 (4-6) | +1 (0 to +2) | .005 | +1 (+1 to +2) | <.001 | |
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Time management | 4 (2-5) | +1 (0 to +2) | <.001 | 0 (0 to +2) | .007 | |
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Relapse prevention | 2 (2-4) | 0 (0 to +2) | .11 | 0 (0 to +2) | .02 | |
| Self-management behavior related to physical activity (range)i | |||||||
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Shopping (0-16) | 1 (0-5) | +2 (+1 to +4) | <.001 | +2 (0 to +4) | <.001 | |
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Household activities (0-16) | 4 (0-6) | +1 (0 to +3) | .006 | +1 (0 to +4) | <.001 | |
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Exertion (0-16) | 7 (5-9) | +2 (0 to +3) | .002 | +1 (+1 to +3) | .004 | |
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Commuting activities (0-16) | 6 (4-8) | +2 (+1 to +4) | <.001 | +2 (+1 to +4) | <.001 | |
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Suitable place or time (0-20) | 8 (6-10) | +1 (0 to +3) | .18 | +1 (−1 to +4) | .05 | |
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Self-monitoring (0-12) | 0 (0-5) | +7 (+5 to +10) | <.001 | +4 (+2 to +7) | <.001 | |
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Making a habit (0-12) | 2 (0-5) | +2 (+1 to +4) | .001 | +1 (0 to +2) | .007 | |
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Exercising for eating (0-8) | 1 (0-3) | 0 (0 to +1) | .005 | 0 (0 to +1) | .18 | |
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Creating situation (0-12) | 2 (0-4) | +1 (0 to +2) | .07 | +1 (0 to +3) | .002 | |
aA participant who did not respond to the questionnaire at P1a was excluded (n=29).
bP0a: before the intervention.
cP1a: after 6 weeks of the intervention period.
dP2a: after the intervention.
eAnalyzed using Wilcoxon signed rank test.
fAverage of the self-efficacy in achieving 4 incremental step goals (6000; 8000; 10,000; and 12,000 steps per day; range 0-100). A participant with an invalid response at P0a was excluded (n=28).
gMeasured using the self-efficacy scale for walking behavior (range 4-20). High score indicates high self-efficacy.
hMeasured using the Japanese version of the 12-item Physical Activity Self-Regulation scale (range 2-10 for each factor and range 12-60 for the total score). High score indicates high frequency of self-regulation.
iMeasured using the evaluation scale for self-management behavior related to physical activity of type 2 diabetic patients. High score indicates high frequency of self-management behavior.