Table 1.
Baseline and Infarction Characteristics of Young Patients With AMI With and Without Cardiogenic Shock
| Total Cohort |
Matched Cohort |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No AMI-CS (n = 1949) | AMI-CS (n = 148) | P value | No AMI-CS (n = 461)) | AMI-CS (n=148) | P value | |
| Demographics | ||||||
| Median age at event (years) | 45.3 (41.4, 47.9) | 44.9 (40.9, 47.3) | 0.13 | 45.0 (41.3, 47.3) | 44.9 (40.9, 47.3) | 0.72 |
| Female sex | 368 (18.9%) | 36 (24.3%) | 0.11 | 101 (21.9%) | 36 (24.3%) | 0.54 |
| Race | ||||||
| White | 1431 (73.4%) | 110 (74.3%) | 0.45 | 352 (76.4%) | 110 (74.3%) | 0.66 |
| Black | 140 (7.2%) | 8 (5.4%) | 34 (7.4%) | 8 (5.4%) | ||
| Latinx | 134 (6.9%) | 13 (8.8%) | 32 (6.9%) | 13 (8.8%) | ||
| Asian | 69 (3.5%) | 3 (2.0%) | 13 (2.8%) | 3 (2.0%) | ||
| Other/unknown | 175 (8.9%) | 14 (9.5%) | 30 (6.5%) | 14 (9.5%) | ||
| Median area deprivation index | 5 (3, 7) | 5.3 (2.5) 5 (3, 7) | 0.04 | 5 (3, 7) | 5 (3, 7) | 0.35 |
| Insurance Classification | ||||||
| Private | 1319 (67.7%) | 77 (52.0%) | 0.002 | 307 (66.6%) | 77 (52.0%) | 0.013 |
| Public | 327 (16.8%) | 38 (25.7%) | 77 (16.7%) | 38 (25.7%) | ||
| None | 154 (7.9%) | 17 (11.5%) | 36 (7.8%) | 17 (11.5%) | ||
| Unknown | 149 (7.6%) | 16 (10.8%) | 41 (8.9%) | 16 (10.8%) | ||
| Family history of premature CAD | ||||||
| Parents | 343 (17.6%) | 22 (14.9%) | 0.57 | 78 (16.9%) | 22 (14.9%) | 0.55 |
| Siblings | 68 (3.5%) | 5 (3.4%) | 22 (4.8%) | 5 (3.4%) | ||
| Both | 72 (3.7%) | 3 (2.0%) | 17 (3.7%) | 3 (2.0%) | ||
| Risk Factors | ||||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 379 (19.4%) | 37 (25.0%) | 0.10 | 86 (18.7%) | 37 (25.0%) | 0.09 |
| Hypertension | 926 (47.5%) | 54 (36.5%) | 0.010 | 176 (38.2%) | 54 (36.5%) | 0.71 |
| Dyslipidemia | 1779 (91.3%) | 135 (91.2%) | 0.98 | 411 (89.2%) | 135 (91.2%) | 0.47 |
| Tobacco use | 1006 (52.2%) | 82 (56.6%) | 0.31 | 270 (58.6%) | 82 (56.6%) | 0.67 |
| Illicit substance use | ||||||
| Cocaine use | 90 (4.6%) | 9 (6.1%) | 0.42 | 17 (3.7%) | 9 (6.1%) | 0.21 |
| Marijuana use | 149 (7.6%) | 15 (10.1%) | 0.28 | 44 (9.5%) | 15 (10.1%) | 0.83 |
| Any substance use | 212 (10.9%) | 21 (14.2%) | 0.22 | 54 (11.7%) | 21 (14.2%) | 0.43 |
| Alcohol use | 133 (6.9%) | 15 (10.2%) | 0.14 | 26 (5.8%) | 15 (10.2%) | 0.06 |
| Obesity | 731 (39.2%) | 49 (33.6%) | 0.18 | 159 (36.6%) | 49 (33.6%) | 0.50 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 11 (0.6%) | 2 (1.4%) | 0.24 | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (1.4%) | 0.01 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 34 (1.7%) | 7 (4.7%) | 0.01 | 9 (2.0%) | 7 (4.7%) | 0.07 |
| Median Charlson Comorbidity Index | 1 (1, 2) | 2 (1, 2) | <0.001 | 1.0 (1.0, 2.0) | 2.0 (1.0, 2.0) | <0.001 |
| Laboratory Results | ||||||
| Median presentation creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.1) | 1.1 (0.9, 1.5) | <0.001 | 1.0 (0.8, 1.1) | 1.1 (0.9, 1.5) | <0.001 |
| Standardized troponina | 35.7 (10.0, 133.7) | 172.7 (76.0, 731.2) | <0.001 | 63.8 (18.9, 211.8) | 172.7 (76.0, 731.2) | <0.001 |
| Infarction Characteristics | ||||||
| ST-elevation MI | 996 (51.1%) | 125 (84.5%) | <0.001 | 389 (84.4%) | 125 (84.5%) | 0.98 |
| Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest | 61 (3.1%) | 39 (26.4%) | <0.001 | 21 (4.6%) | 39 (26.4%) | <0.001 |
| Median number of coronary arteries involved | 1.0 (1.0, 2.0) | 1.0 (1.0, 2.0) | <0.001 | 1.0 (1.0, 2.0) | 1.0 (1.0, 2.0) | <0.001 |
| Number of coronary arteries involved | ||||||
| 0 | 266 (14.4%) | 6 (4.2%) | 68 (15.3%) | 6 | 0.001 | |
| 0.001 | (4.2%) | |||||
| 1 | 1029 (55.7%) | 80 (56.3%) | 259 (58.2%) | 80 (56.3%) | ||
| 2 | 366 (19.8%) | 35 (24.7%) | 71 (16.0%) | 35 (24.7%) | ||
| >3 | 187 (10.1%) | 21 (14.8%) | 47 (10.6%) | 21 (14.8%) | ||
| Left main coronary artery disease | 45 (2.3%) | 11 (7.4%) | <0.001 | 24 (5.2%) | 11 (7.4%) | 0.31 |
Values are median (interquartile range), n (%) or mean ± SD.
a
Standardized to times >99th percentile for assay.AMI-CS, cardiogenic shock due to acute myocardial infarction; CAD, coronary artery disease; MI, myocardial infarction; mg, milligrams; dL, deciliter.