Table 2.
Descriptive statistics of study sample
| Number of participants (%) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | No unmet need (N = 17,500) |
Any unmet need (N = 1894) |
P-value | Total (N = 19,394) |
|
| Food insecurity status | < 0.01 | ||||
| Severe | 117(0.7) | 74(3.2) | 191(0.9) | ||
| Moderate | 750(4.2) | 175(8.1) | 925(4.5) | ||
| Secure | 16,633(95.2) | 1645(88.7) | 18,278(94.6) | ||
| Predisposing factors | |||||
| Age: mean (SD) | 41.9(12.6) | 41.5(12.6) | 0.24 | 41.8(12.6) | |
| Gender | < 0.01 | ||||
| Female | 10,195(49.4) | 1305(59.6) | 11,500(50.4) | ||
| Male | 7305(50.6) | 589(40.4) | 7894(49.6) | ||
| Marital status | < 0.01 | ||||
| Married | 12,448(66.3) | 1269(63.4) | 13,717(66.0) | ||
| Single | 3748(27.8) | 401(27.9) | 4149(27.8) | ||
| Separated/widowed/divorced | 1304(5.9) | 224(8.7) | 1528(6.1) | ||
| Education attainment | < 0.01 | ||||
| College or higher | 7873(47.6) | 753(43.7) | 8626(47.2) | ||
| High school | 6850(40.5) | 696(39.0) | 7546(40.4) | ||
| Middle school or below | 2777(11.9) | 445(17.3) | 3222(12.4) | ||
| Employment status | < 0.01 | ||||
| Full-time worker | 6425(39.3) | 605(34.8) | 7030(38.8) | ||
| Temporary or daily worker | 2171(12.3) | 278(15.3) | 2449(12.6) | ||
| Employer or self-employed | 2681(15.1) | 300(16.4) | 2981(15.2) | ||
| Unemployed or retired | 6223(33.3) | 711(33.5) | 6934(33.3) | ||
| Enabling factors a | |||||
| Household income (monthly) | 498.8(316.1) | 425.8(291.8) | < 0.01 | 491.9(314.7) | |
| Home ownership | < 0.01 | ||||
| Over two | 2459(13.3) | 220(11.6) | 2679(13.2) | ||
| One | 9167(51.7) | 890(45.5) | 10,057(51.1) | ||
| None | 5874(35.0) | 784(42.9) | 6658(35.7) | ||
| Household size | 0.02 | ||||
| One | 1356(7.4) | 173(8.2) | 1529(7.5) | ||
| Two | 4122(20.2) | 445(20.7) | 4567(20.2) | ||
| Three | 5025(30.2) | 575(31.6) | 5600(30.3) | ||
| Over four | 6997(42.2) | 701(39.6) | 7698(41.9) | ||
| Private health insurance | < 0.01 | ||||
| Yes | 15,700(89.7) | 1624(86.6) | 17,324(89.4) | ||
| No | 1800(10.3) | 270(13.4) | 2070(10.6) | ||
| Urbanicity | 0.36 | ||||
| Urban | 14,593(86.5) | 1564(85.9) | 16,157(86.4) | ||
| Rural | 2907(13.5) | 330(14.1) | 3237(13.6) | ||
| Housing type | < 0.01 | ||||
| Apartment | 10,219(57.7) | 982(52.1) | 11,201(57.2) | ||
| Non-apartment | 7281(42.3) | 912(47.9) | 8193(42.8) | ||
| Need factors | |||||
| Arthritis | < 0.01 | ||||
| Yes | 1160(4.9) | 213(8.7) | 1373(5.3) | ||
| No | 16,340(95.1) | 1681(91.3) | 18,021(94.7) | ||
| Asthma | < 0.01 | ||||
| Yes | 433(2.6) | 75(3.7) | 508(2.7) | ||
| No | 17,067(97.4) | 1819(96.3) | 18,886(97.3) | ||
| Diabetes | 0.70 | ||||
| Yes | 997(5.0) | 112(4.6) | 1109(5.0) | ||
| No | 16,503(95.0) | 1782(95.4) | 18,285(95.0) | ||
| Hypertension | 0.06 | ||||
| Yes | 2443(11.8) | 235(10.1) | 2678(11.7) | ||
| No | 15,057(88.2) | 1659(89.9) | 16,716(88.3) | ||
| Self-rated health | < 0.01 | ||||
| Good or better | 15,067(86.8) | 1281(69.3) | 16,348(85.2) | ||
| Poor | 2433(13.2) | 613(30.7) | 3046(14.8) | ||
Notes: N, number of participants; SD, standard deviation. All frequency figures are unweighted; percentages, means, and standard errors are weighted
aCity/province of residence is omitted for brevity