Table 1.
Study participant characteristics at study entry for those with/without eczema or psoriasis, data are n (%) for categorical variables and median (IQR) for continuous variables
| Eczema cohorts | Psoriasis cohorts | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anxiety cohort | Depression cohort | Anxiety cohort | Depression cohort | |||||
| Characteristic | Unexposed, N = 3,720,478 | Eczema, N = 863,986 | Unexposed, N = 3,228,8841 | Eczema, N = 793,296 | Unexposed, N = 1,365,258 | Psoriasis, N = 310,081 | Unexposed, N = 1,177,299 | Psoriasis, N = 282,866 |
| Follow-up time (years) | 4.5 (1.7–9.1) | 4.9 (1.9–9.5) | 4.4 (1.7–8.9) | 4.7 (1.8–9.3) | 5.7 (2.3–11.0) | 5.4 (2.1–10.9) | 5.6 (2.2–10.9) | 5.3 (2.1–10.6) |
| Sex (female) | 2,023,172 (54%) | 484,720 (56%) | 1,665,708 (52%) | 431,807 (54%) | 659,460 (48%) | 155,059 (50%) | 535,278 (45%) | 136,554 (48%) |
| Age | 38.6 (23.8–59.6) | 39.9 (24.1–60.8) | 37.3 (22.8–59.6) | 39.3 (23.4–61.0) | 43.4 (30.2–59.7) | 44.0 (30.7–60.1) | 43.0 (29.6–60.0) | 43.8 (30.4–60.3) |
| 18–39 | 1,936,683 (52%) | 432,946 (50%) | 1,729,474 (54%) | 404,386 (51%) | 603,064 (44%) | 133,399 (43%) | 529,725 (45%) | 123,152 (44%) |
| 40–49 | 456,639 (12%) | 107,595 (12%) | 365,872 (11%) | 93,802 (12%) | 223,800 (16%) | 51,711 (17%) | 184,885 (16%) | 45,724 (16%) |
| 50–59 | 416,104 (11%) | 99,094 (11%) | 338,787 (10%) | 87,368 (11%) | 201,742 (15%) | 47,179 (15%) | 168,318 (14%) | 42,214 (15%) |
| 60–69 | 403,886 (11%) | 96,209 (11%) | 348,075 (11%) | 88,132 (11%) | 168,935 (12%) | 39,295 (13%) | 146,033 (12%) | 35,972 (13%) |
| 70–79 | 317,043 (8.5%) | 78,907 (9.1%) | 283,161 (8.8%) | 74,106 (9.3%) | 114,154 (8.4%) | 26,201 (8.4%) | 101,858 (8.7%) | 24,465 (8.6%) |
| 80 + | 190,123 (5.1%) | 49,235 (5.7%) | 163,515 (5.1%) | 45,502 (5.7%) | 53,563 (3.9%) | 12,296 (4.0%) | 46,480 (3.9%) | 11,339 (4.0%) |
| Carstairs deprivation quintile | ||||||||
| 1 (least deprived) | 693,976 (19%) | 164,020 (20%) | 609,450 (20%) | 153,083 (20%) | 239,381 (18%) | 54,491 (18%) | 209,265 (19%) | 50,577 (19%) |
| 2 | 726,785 (20%) | 169,436 (20%) | 634,456 (20%) | 156,814 (20%) | 258,876 (20%) | 58,095 (20%) | 224,322 (20%) | 53,369 (20%) |
| 3 | 763,684 (21%) | 177,947 (21%) | 663,782 (21%) | 163,294 (21%) | 285,488 (22%) | 64,962 (22%) | 248,284 (22%) | 59,633 (22%) |
| 4 | 804,513 (22%) | 185,506 (22%) | 684,904 (22%) | 167,523 (22%) | 301,611 (23%) | 68,634 (23%) | 255,341 (23%) | 61,631 (23%) |
| 5 (most deprived) | 616,149 (17%) | 139,516 (17%) | 529,446 (17%) | 126,108 (16%) | 222,091 (17%) | 50,356 (17%) | 187,961 (17%) | 44,999 (17%) |
| Unknown | 115,371 | 27,561 | 106,846 | 26,474 | 57,811 | 13,543 | 52,126 | 12,657 |
| Asthma diagnosis | 418,760 (11%) | 194,298 (22%) | 355,302 (11%) | 175,497 (22%) | - | - | - | - |
| Psoriatic arthritis | - | - | - | - | 8572 (0.6%) | 3638 (1.2%) | 6841 (0.6%) | 3114 (1.1%) |
| Charlson’s comorbidity index | ||||||||
| Low | 2,777,741 (75%) | 542,649 (63%) | 2,434,982 (75%) | 503,973 (64%) | 1,010,496 (74%) | 219,105 (71%) | 881,218 (75%) | 202,700 (72%) |
| Moderate | 803,045 (22%) | 284,506 (33%) | 681,188 (21%) | 257,585 (32%) | 305,143 (22%) | 77,690 (25%) | 256,072 (22%) | 68,853 (24%) |
| Severe | 139,692 (3.8%) | 36,831 (4.3%) | 112,714 (3.5%) | 31,738 (4.0%) | 49,619 (3.6%) | 13,286 (4.3%) | 40,009 (3.4%) | 11,313 (4.0%) |
| BMI | 25.2 (22.3–28.7) | 25.4 (22.5–29.0) | 25.1 (22.2–28.6) | 25.2 (22.4–28.8) | 25.6 (22.7–29.1) | 26.1 (23.1–29.8) | 25.5 (22.7–28.9) | 26.0 (23.1–29.7) |
| Unknown | 893,396 | 149,905 | 826,059 | 144,397 | 272,289 | 45,254 | 248,099 | 42,476 |
| Obesity (categorised) | ||||||||
| No evidence of obesity | 3,173,900 (85%) | 717,101 (83%) | 2,788,149 (86%) | 667,059 (84%) | 1,141,895 (84%) | 245,756 (79%) | 996,546 (85%) | 226,971 (80%) |
| Obese class I (30–34.9) | 366,497 (9.9%) | 96,216 (11%) | 301,783 (9.3%) | 84,553 (11%) | 151,030 (11%) | 41,773 (13%) | 125,007 (11%) | 37,148 (13%) |
| Obese class II (35–39.9) | 121,446 (3.3%) | 33,420 (3.9%) | 95,213 (2.9%) | 28,048 (3.5%) | 49,001 (3.6%) | 14,862 (4.8%) | 38,407 (3.3%) | 12,628 (4.5%) |
| Obese class III (40 +) | 58,635 (1.6%) | 17,249 (2.0%) | 43,739 (1.4%) | 13,636 (1.7%) | 23,332 (1.7%) | 7690 (2.5%) | 17,339 (1.5%) | 6119 (2.2%) |
| Harmful alcohol use | 96,328 (2.6%) | 28,327 (3.3%) | 72,753 (2.3%) | 22,983 (2.9%) | 41,845 (3.1%) | 13,901 (4.5%) | 31,626 (2.7%) | 11,147 (3.9%) |
| Smoking status | ||||||||
| Non-smoker | 1,858,380 (57%) | 456,720 (56%) | 1,642,116 (58%) | 431,014 (58%) | 662,851 (54%) | 131,125 (45%) | 580,837 (55%) | 123,149 (46%) |
| Current smoker | 642,990 (20%) | 157,434 (19%) | 523,575 (19%) | 134,145 (18%) | 255,508 (21%) | 77,270 (26%) | 210,144 (20%) | 66,833 (25%) |
| Ex-smoker | 687,105 (21%) | 181,117 (22%) | 575,059 (20%) | 163,142 (22%) | 273,966 (22%) | 74,257 (25%) | 229,228 (22%) | 67,047 (25%) |
| Current or ex-smoker | 97,395 (3.0%) | 20,466 (2.5%) | 76,982 (2.7%) | 16,700 (2.2%) | 36,229 (2.9%) | 9614 (3.3%) | 28,182 (2.7%) | 7951 (3.0%) |
| Unknown | 434,608 | 48,249 | 411,152 | 48,295 | 136,704 | 17,815 | 128,908 | 17,886 |
| Sleep problems | 257,752 (6.9%) | 109,378 (13%) | 190,349 (5.9%) | 88,728 (11%) | - | - | - | - |
| Severe eczema | ||||||||
| None | 3,720,478 (100%) | - | 3,228,884 (100%) | - | 1,365,258 (100%) | - | 1,177,299 (100%) | - |
| Mild | - | 638,977 (74%) | - | 587,271 (74%) | - | 303,327 (98%) | - | 277,113 (98%) |
| Moderate | - | 208,757 (24%) | - | 190,798 (24%) | ||||
| Severe | - | 16,252 (1.9%) | - | 15,227 (1.9%) | - | 6754 (2.2%) | - | 5753 (2.0%) |