Table 2.
Univariable comparisons of primary and secondary and outcomes (n = 762)
| Outcomes | Women (n = 350) |
Men (n = 412) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary outcomes (n, %) | n | % | n | % | p value |
| Persistent seizure termination | 327 | 93.4 | 395 | 95.9 | 0.131 |
| Return to premorbid neurologic function at discharge | 150 | 42.9 | 202 | 49.0 | 0.089 |
| In-hospital death | 29 | 8.3 | 26 | 6.3 | 0.294 |
| Death at 30 days follow-up (loss to follow-up 107 [14%]) | 42 | 12.0 | 36 | 8.7 | 0.085 |
| Outcomes | Women (n = 350) |
Men (n = 412) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Secondary outcomes | n/median | %/IQR | n/median | %/IQR | p value |
| Treatment characteristics during SE | |||||
| Admitted via emergency medical services with SE (n, % of patients with out-of-hospital SE) | 221 | 75.7 | 274 | 77.2 | 0.361 |
| Seizures suspected by emergency medical services (n, % of cases admitted via emergency teams) | 76 | 34.4 | 99 | 36.1 | 0.706 |
| SE suspected by emergency medical services (n, % of cases admitted via emergency teams) | 82 | 37.1 | 104 | 38.0 | 0.853 |
|
Time from alarm to hospital admission via emergency medical services (minutes; median, IQR) |
52 | 39–67 | 50 | 37–71 | 0.656 |
| Duration of in-hospital treatment (days; median, IQR) | 11 | 6–18 | 10 | 5–18 | 0.124 |
| ICU treatment (n, %) | 185 | 52.9 | 237 | 57.5 | 0.197 |
| Duration of ICU treatment (days; median, IQR) | 3 | 2–8 | 3 | 2–6 | 0.780 |
| Mechanical ventilation (n, %) | 107 | 30.6 | 173 | 42.0 | 0.001 |
| Duration of mechanical ventilation (days; median, IQR) | 3 | 2–8 | 2 | 0.5–4 | 0.094 |
| Number of non-anesthetic antiseizure drugs (median, IQR) | 3 | 2–3 | 2 | 2–3 | 0.572 |
| Patients with benzodiazepines as first-line antiseizure drug (n, %) | 265 | 77.3 | 317 | 77.5 | 0.936 |
| Patients with second-line antiseizure drugs (n, %) | 287 | 83.7 | 327 | 80.0 | 0.189 |
| Patients with continuous anesthetic drugs (n, %) | 89 | 25.4 | 157 | 38.1 | < 0.001 |
| Duration of continuous anesthetics (hours; median, IQR) | 30.0 | 12–112 | 18.0 | 7–48 | 0.036 |
| Overall SE duration (days) | 1 | 0.5–2 | 0.5 | 0.5–1 | 0.011 |
| Treatment refractory SE (n, %) | 129 | 36.9 | 150 | 36.4 | 0.898 |
| Treatment characteristics during RSE | |||||
| Patients with continuous anesthetic drugs (n, %) | 66 | 51.2 | 108 | 72.0 | ≤ 0.001 |
| Duration of continuous anesthetics (hours; median, IQR) | 35.8 | 12–114.5 | 21.6 | 10–66.1 | 0.288 |
| Mechanical ventilation (n, %) | 64 | 49.6 | 105 | 97.2 | 0.001 |
| Duration of mechanical ventilation (days; median, IQR) | 3 | 2–10 | 2 | 2–9 | 0.433 |
| Complications during SE (n, %) | |||||
| Infections/sepsis | 50 | 14.3 | 70 | 17.2 | 0.281 |
| Arterial hypotension requiring vasopressors | 55 | 15.7 | 69 | 16.8 | 0.700 |
| Multiorgan failure | 24 | 6.9 | 37 | 9.0 | 0.282 |
| Care withdrawal (n, %) | |||||
| Care withdrawal | 47 | 13.4 | 45 | 10.9 | 0.290 |
| Withdrawal due to presumed poor prognosis | 38 | 10.9 | 30 | 7.3 | 0.308 |
| Withdrawal following patient directives | 8 | 2.3 | 15 | 3.6 | 0.297 |
| Transfer at discharge (n, %) | |||||
| Home | 104 | 29.7 | 180 | 43.7 | < 0.001 |
| Rehab | 90 | 25.7 | 102 | 24.8 | 0.802 |
| Other hospital | 67 | 19.1 | 63 | 15.3 | 0.176 |
| Nursing home or hospice | 60 | 17.1 | 41 | 10.0 | 0.004 |
IQR = interquartile range; SE = status epilepticus; ICU = intensive care unit; RSE = treatment refractory status epilepticus
Bold font indicates statistical significance after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons (set at a level of p ≤ 0.01)