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. 2023 Aug 4;24:58. doi: 10.1186/s12910-023-00938-5

Table 2.

Comparison of pre- and post-intervention scores of nursing dilemma, moral distress and moral sensitivity between three groups

Parameters Times Lecture group
(n = 22)		 Discussioin group
(n = 22)		 Control group
(n = 22)		 P-value *** P-value ****
Nursing dilemma test (NDT)
NP score Pre-intervention 36.09 ± 5.28 36.18 ± 3.72 35.45 ± 4.09 0.838 < 0.001*
Post-intervention 44.64 ± 4.70 52.50 ± 2.44 35.36 ± 4.03 < 0.001*
P-value** < 0.001* < 0.001* 0.936
Familiarity score Pre-intervention 14.91 ± 3.41 14.50 ± 3.76 13.82 ± 4.33 0.640 0.811
Post-intervention 13.68 ± 3.63 13.46 ± 3.67 13.73 ± 4.39 0.997
P-value* 0.203 0.445 0.943
Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire (MSQ)
Total moral sensitivity score Pre-intervention 60.36 ± 11.68 59.23 ± 11.43 65.55 ± 11.34 0.159 0.010*
Post-intervention 61.55 ± 11.57 76.50 ± 11.52 64.27 ± 9.45 < 0.001*
P-value* 0.742 < 0.001* 0.689
Moral Distress Scale (MDS)
Total Moral distress score Pre-intervention 60.23 ± 21.34 57.32 ± 26.93 58.09 ± 30.32 0.931 0.337
Post-intervention 53.41 ± 21.34 44.73 ± 17.24 61.32 ± 31.93 0.085
P-value* 0.176 0.104 0.754
Moral distress’s dimensions
Inappropriate competencies Pre-intervention 17.32 ± 7.18 17.27 ± 7.85 15.82 ± 10.90 0.814 0.651
and responsibilities Post-intervention 16.77 ± 7.86 14.68 ± 8.84 16.86 ± 11.11 0.684
P-value* 0.806 0.381 0.785
Errors Pre-intervention 23.05 ± 9.79 22.77 ± 12.30 23.09 ± 12.11 0.995 0.316
Post-intervention 18.82 ± 9.11 17.45 ± 6.78 24.36 ± 12.78 0.056
P-value* 0.059 0.117 0.739
Not respecting the ethics Pre-intervention 21.91 ± 9.59 17.27 ± 8.54 19.18 ± 9.45 0.252 0.175
principles Post-intervention 17.36 ± 7.75 12.59 ± 4.82 20.09 ± 10.07 0.009*
P-value* 0.020* 0.017* 0.771

Data are presented as mean ± SD; * P < 0.05 considered as significant, ** Obtained from paired t-test (within-group differences); *** Obtained from unadjusted one-way ANCOVA (analysis of covariance) with repeated measures (RMANOVA) (between-group differences); **** Obtained from adjusted (based on age group, gender, marital status, work experience, wards, shift work and overtime) one-way ANCOVA (analysis of covariance) with repeated measures (between-group differences)