Table 2.
Application of functionalized cell-delivery hydrogel scaffolds within the last 5 Years
| Scaffold type | Target Tissue | AT-MSCs (Implantation) | Number of AT-MSCs | Nanomaterial supplementation | Effects | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Injectable ELR-based hydrogel | Hyaline cartilage | Human(Allogenic) | 2.5 × 105 cells/ml | Elastin-like recombinamers (ELRs) | The injectable ELR-based hydrogel led to successful regeneration of hyaline cartilage in rabbit osteochondral lesion model | [64] |
| Supramolecular HGM hydrogels | Hyaline cartilage; subchondral bone | Human(Allogenic) | 1 × 107 cells/ml | Kartogenin; TGF-β1 | The injected MSC-laden HGM hydrogels led to quality neocartilage formation in the rat knee cartilage defect model | [65] |
| Fiber-reinforced and GF-loaded tri-layered hydrogels | Hyaline cartilage; subchondral bone | Rabbit(Allogenic) | 5 × 106 cells/ml | TGF-β1 | The fiber-reinforced and GF-loaded tri-layered hydrogel onstruct could simultaneously facilitate the regeneration of both cartilage and subchondral bone | [69] |
| Injectable, self-hardening, mechanically reinforced hydrogel (Si-HPCH) | Hyaline cartilage; subchondral bone | Human(Allogenic) | 1 × 106 cells/ml | / | The defects filled with Si-HPCH, revealed a significant osteochondral regeneration in the canine osteochondral defect model | [70] |