Figure.

Study population and eligible sample sizes by oral health condition. The Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study is based on a prospective cohort generalizable to the noninstitutionalized US civilian population. Wave 4 (December 2016 to January 2018) and wave 5 (December 2018 to November 2019) occurred 2 y apart. Due to the survey design, specific oral conditions were measured among different subsets of the study population.¹ Listed ineligibility reasons not mutually exclusive.² For the outcomes of bleeding gums, loose teeth, tooth extraction, gum disease, and bone loss, participants were asked about their experience “in the past 12 mo” only if they had participated in the cohort and were ≥18 y of age at wave 3. These outcomes were first added to the PATH Study at wave 3, when participants were asked about their lifetime history of these conditions (exception: gum disease was included since wave 1). Past–12 mo versions of these items were asked at wave 4.³ For the outcomes of gum disease and bone loss, participants were asked if they had been told by a dental professional that they have these conditions, only if they reported a dental visit in the past 12 mo at the same survey wave.⁴ For the longitudinal analysis, only participants with measured dental conditions at waves 4 and 5 were included.