Table 1:
Difference in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome according to biomedical, biosocial, and psychosocial variables (N = 8,222)
| Variables | Categories | Total (N = 8,222) | With metabolic syndrome n = 1,004 (10.8%) | Without metabolic syndrome n = 7,218 (89.2%) | t/χ2 | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| n* (%)† or M ± SD | n* (%)† or M ± SD | n* (%)† or M ± SD | ||||
| Biomedical variables | ||||||
| Age (yr) | 19–39 | 3,236 (46.4) | 181 (22.2) | 3,055 (49.3) | 163.668 | <.001 |
| 40–64 | 4,294 (48.0) | 614 (61.6) | 3,680 (46.4) | |||
| ≥65 | 692 (5.6) | 209 (16.2) | 483 (4.3) | |||
| 41.38 ± 0.20 | 50.09 ± 0.49 | 40.32 ± 0.20 | −19.099 | <.001 | ||
| Body mass index | Non-obesity | 4,790 (60.6) | 155 (15.0) | 4,635 (66.1) | 744.207 | <.001 |
| Overweight or obese | 3,432 (39.4) | 849 (85.0) | 2,583 (33.9) | |||
| Family history | Yes | 4,951 (59.2) | 642 (64.9) | 4,309 (58.5) | 9.449 | .002 |
| No | 3,271 (40.8) | 362 (35.1) | 2,909 (41.5) | |||
| Menopause | Yes | 2,662 (26.2) | 552 (47.9) | 2,110 (23.6) | 217.734 | <.001 |
| No | 5,560 (73.8) | 452 (52.1) | 5,108 (76.4) | |||
| Biosocial variables | ||||||
| Socioeconomic status of family | High | 2,813 (35.0) | 234 (25.6) | 2,579 (36.2) | 41.342 | <.001 |
| Middle | 4,536 (55.5) | 571 (56.6) | 3,965 (55.3) | |||
| Low | 873 (9.5) | 199 (17.8) | 674 (8.5) | |||
| Education level | Less than graduation of middle school | 1,528 (14.7) | 401 (34.2) | 1,127 (12.3) | 139.288 | <.001 |
| Graduation of high school | 2,969 (38.0) | 341 (36.6) | 2,628 (38.2) | |||
| Higher than college education | 3,725 (47.3) | 262 (29.1) | 3,463 (49.5) | |||
| Psychosocial variables | ||||||
| Stress | A little or less | 5,786 (69.2) | 728 (71.0) | 5,058 (68.9) | 1.215 | .271 |
| Severe | 2,436 (30.8) | 276 (29.0) | 2,160 (31.1) | |||
| Smoking | Current or past smoker | 951 (12.6) | 114 (11.7) | 837 (12.7) | 0.527 | .468 |
| Never | 7,271 (87.4) | 890 (88.3) | 6,381 (87.3) | |||
| Current binge alcohol consumption | Yes | 1,474 (20.7) | 152 (16.3) | 1,322 (21.2) | 8.772 | .003 |
| No | 6,748 (79.3) | 852 (83.7) | 5,896 (78.8) | |||
| Physical activity (MET-min/week) | <600 | 2,847 (32.7) | 399 (36.8) | 2,448 (32.2) | 6.833 | .009 |
| ≥600 | 5,375 (67.3) | 605 (63.2) | 4,770 (67.8) | |||
| Sedentary time (h) | <8 | 3,966 (46.1) | 498 (48.3) | 3,468 (45.9) | 1.526 | .217 |
| ≥8 | 4,256 (53.9) | 506 (51.7) | 3,750 (54.1) | |||
| Total energy intake (kcal/day) | 1,773.76 ± 9.52 | 1,683.76 ± 24.99 | 1,784.66 ± 10.10 | 3.795 | <.001 | |
Note.
*
Unweighted;
†
weighted.