Table 2:
Associations between healthy eating and individual- and neighborhood-level factors
| Factor | Category | Adherence to fruit and vegetable intake | χ2 or t (P-Value) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| No N (%) or M ± SD |
Yes N (%) or M ± SD |
|||
| Individual-level factors | ||||
| Gender | Male | 557 (84.4) | 103 (15.6) | 2.66 (.103) |
| Female | 749 (81.2) | 173 (18.8) | ||
| Age | 44.74 (12.5) | 48.61 (11.3) | 5.07 (<.001) | |
| Educationa | Elementary | 59 (79.7) | 15 (20.3) | 2.73 (.436) |
| Middle school | 99 (78.0) | 28 (22.0) | ||
| High school | 556 (82.6) | 117 (17.4) | ||
| ≥ College | 583 (83.5) | 115 (16.5) | ||
| Household monthly incomea | < ₩3 million | 690 (82.9) | 142 (17.1) | 0.28 (.593) |
| ≥ ₩3 million | 602 (81.9) | 133 (18.1) | ||
| Smokinga | Never | 843 (81.1) | 196 (18.9) | 9.30 (.010) |
| Former smoker | 207 (81.5) | 47 (18.5) | ||
| Current smoker | 247 (88.8) | 31 (11.2) | ||
| High-risk drinkinga | No | 969 (80.7) | 232 (19.3) | 12.60 (<.001) |
| Yes | 335 (88.6) | 43 (11.4) | ||
| Physical activity | No | 879 (86.2) | 141 (13.8) | 26.16 (<.001) |
| Yes | 427 (76.0) | 135 (24.0) | ||
| Stressa | No | 285 (78.7) | 77 (21.3) | 5.45 (.066) |
| Moderate | 641 (83.2) | 129 (16.8) | ||
| Much | 373 (84.8) | 67 (15.2) | ||
| Self-rated healtha | Poor | 244 (87.5) | 359 (12.5) | 8.12 (.017) |
| Neither good nor bad | 660 (82.8) | 137 (17.2) | ||
| Good | 393 (79.4) | 102 (20.6) | ||
| Self-efficacy for healthy eating | 40.55 ±6.1 | 42.89 ± 6.4 | 5.52 (<.001) | |
| Social support for healthy eating | 11.92 ± 3.2 | 12.98 ± 3.4 | 4.73 (<.001) | |
| Neighborhood-level factors | ||||
| Social cohesion | 16.51 ± 1.5 | 16.80 ± 1.4 | 2.96 (.005) | |
| Neighborhood safety | 10.13 ± 0.9 | 10.05 ± 0.9 | 1.38 (.167) | |
| Perceived food environment | 12.68 ± 1.8 | 12.60 ± 1.8 | 0.68 (.496) | |
a
N < 1,582 responses due to item non-responses.