Table 4.

Association of time-varying HbA1c levels with individual secondary outcomes

HbA1c			Model 1		Model 2
			HR (95% CI)	P value	HR (95% CI)	P value
All-cause mortality
	Categorical model
		<7.0%	Reference		Reference
		7.0%–7.9%	1.23 (0.69–2.21)	0.48	1.36 (0.68–2.72)	0.37
		≥8.0%	1.64 (0.91–2.92)	0.09	2.08 (1.06–4.05)	0.03
	Continuous model
		Per 1.0% increase	1.15 (0.97–1.35)	0.09	1.23 (1.04–1.46)	0.01
MACEa
	Categorical model
		<7.0%	Reference		Reference
		7.0%–7.9%	1.91 (1.01–3.60)	0.04	2.17 (1.20–3.95)	0.01
		≥8.0%	2.26 (1.27–4.02)	<0.01	2.26 (1.17–4.37)	0.01
	Continuous model
		Per 1.0% increase	1.14 (0.95–1.35)	0.16	1.17 (0.98–1.40)	0.08
Renal outcomeb
	Categorical model
		<7.0%	Reference		Reference
		7.0%–7.9%	0.91 (0.70–1.19)	0.48	0.96 (0.70–1.31)	0.79
		≥8.0%	0.91 (0.67–1.23)	0.53	1.14 (0.82–1.59)	0.43
	Continuous model
		Per 1.0% increase	0.97 (0.88–1.04)	0.51	1.05 (0.95–1.16)	0.29

Model 1: Adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, Charlson comorbidity index, socioeconomic status, smoking status and systolic blood pressure; Model 2: Model 1+estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urine protein/creatinine ratio, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, albumin, renin angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitors and statins.

HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; MACE, major adverse cardiovascular events.

^aMACE included nonfatal myocardial infarction, unstable angina, percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass graft, nonfatal stroke, and cardiac death,

^bRenal outcome included a ≥50% decline in eGFR or the onset of end-stage kidney disease, whichever came first.