Table 5.

Ordinal Logistic Regression Model: Association of Physical Symptom Distress Index (MSAS-PHYS) with Social Support, Activities of Living, COPD Score, Demographic, and Clinical Factors (n=379)

Independent Variables	Univariate Analysis		Multivariate Analysis
	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	P value	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	P value
Age	0.96 (0.95 to 0.98)	<0.001*	0.98 (0.95 to 0.99).	0.030*
Men vs women (ref male)	1.37 (0.96 to 1.96)	0.09	1.41 (0.95 to 2.08)	0.09
KPS (in two groups): ≤70% vs ≥ 80% score	0.61 (0.43 to 0.88)	0.008*	1.15 (0.75 to 1.76)	0.53
Missed 1 or more doses (ref No)	2.34 (1.44 to 3.81)	0.001*	2.10 (1.26 to 3.51)	0.004*
Co-morbidity: (None vs ≥ 1 co-morbidity)	2.95 (1.89 to 4.59)	<0.001*	1.75 (1.09 to 2.83)	0.021*
Smoking status (ref yes)	0.95 (0.67 to 1.37)	0.80	–	–
Living arrangement: alone vs does not live alone	1.21 (0.66 to 2.22)	0.53	–	–
Living situation: formal with sanitation inside vs formal/informal with sanitation outside	1.18 (0.75 to 1.85)	0.48	–	–
Hospitalisations in the last 12 months (None vs ≥ 1)	1.17 (0.81 to 1.69)	0.39	–	–
Education (Primary vs high school and beyond)	0.85 (0.59 to 1.21)	0.35	–	–
Income: employed vs unemployed	0.87 (0.44 to 1.72)	0.69	1.06 (0.51 to 2.23)	0.87
Employed vs disability grant/pension	0.70 (0.39 to 1.25)	0.23	0.92 (0.46 to 1.83)	0.81
COPD Assessment Test (CAT)	1.15 (1.12 to 1.19)	<0.001*	1.11 (1.07 to 1.15)	<0.001*
Activity of daily living (LCADL)	1.08 (1.06 to 1.1)	<0.001*	1.04 (1.02 to 1.06)	<0.001*
Social support (MOS-Social Support Survey)	0.99 (0.98 to 0.99)	0.005*	0.99 (0.98 to 1.00)	0.08

Note: *Significant at <0.05.

Abbreviations: KPS, Karnofsky Performance Status; LCADL, London Chest Activity of Daily Living Scale; MOS, Medical Outcomes Study.