. 2023 Jul 27;9(8):e18634. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18634

Table 9.

Kinetic models for adsorption of Cd(II) ion onto AMKC.

Kinetic model	Equation	Parameter	Adsorbate (Cd(II)
Pseudo-first order	$q_{t} = q_{e} (1 - e^{{- k}_{1} t})$	q_e,cal (mg/g)	0.0621
		q_e,exp (mg/g)	0.0661
		K₁ (min⁻¹)	0.0464
		SSE	1.68E-5
		R²	0.9850
		ᵪ2	2.7E-4
Pseudo-second order	$q_{t} = \frac{{q_{e}}^{2} K_{2} t}{1 + q_{e} K_{2} t}$	q_e,cal (mg/g)	0.0658
		q_{e exp}	0.0661
		K₂ (g/mg min)	0.00603
		SSE	9.0E-8
		R²	0.9991
		ᵪ2	1.3E-6
Intraparticle diffusion	$q_{t} = k_{i d} t^{0.5} + C$	K_id (mg/gmin^1/2)	0.00608
		C	0.0112
		SSE	1.64E-2
		ᵪ2	4.2E-5
		R²	0.92618