Table 4.

Results of exploratory factor analysis of ETPB- independent variables.

Indicators		Factor loading	Eigenvalue	Variance explained (%)	Cumulative variance explained (%)
Attitude (ATT)			5.139	36.707	36.707
ATT4	There are more job opportunities that are suitable to my capacity outside of my home village	0.896
ATT3	I can achieve a better income so that I can ensure my family's livelihood outside my home village	0.848
ATT1	I am able to save more money when I stay away from my family and my home village	0.845
PBC3	There are more policies on welfare for migration laborers	0.806
Subjective norm (SN)			1.444	10.317	65.019
SN1	I can't find a suitable job at my home village while my financial resources have almost run out	0.800
SN2	There is no other way than being a farmer. (Local norm: the best life is escaping from farming)	0.795
SN4	Local people consider me as jobless and dependent on my family	0.711
Perceived Behavior Control (PBC)			2.519	17.995	54.702
PBC1	I am confident that I can manage my life well at the destination after COVID-19 (stronger after a shock)	0.759
PBC2	With my skills and knowledge, I am confident to find a good job after COVID-19	0.768
PBC5	Safety and security related policies will be promoted by authorities at the destination after COVID-19	0.723
PBC4	I have enough financial resources to get health and social insurance and to have a safe life at the destination after COVID-19	0.802
Risk Perception (RP)			1.119	7.992	73.011
PR1	Overall, remigration is a social risk because I have to leave my family and my home village	0.791
PR2	Remigration is a risk for my livelihood because of the labor market uncertainty post pandemic	0.709
PR3	Remigration is a risk for me and my family because I have lost my job and all other assets and need to start from beginning.	0.754