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. 2023 Jul 26;6:100082. doi: 10.1016/j.sleepx.2023.100082

Table 2.

Associations of sleep duration, bedtime, and wake-up time with BMI.

Sleep Variables Unadjusted
 Adjusted Model 1
 Adjusted Model 2
β (95% CI) P value β (95% CI) P value β (95% CI) P value
SleepDuration −0.55 (−0.85,-0.25) <0.001 −0.40 (−0.68,-0.12) 0.005 −0.27 (−0.58; 0.04) 0.08a
Bedtime 0.18 (−0.07,0.44) 0.15 0.37 (0.12,0.61) 0.003 0.27 (−0.00,0.53) 0.05a
Wake-uptime −0.20 (−0.45,0.05) 0.11 0.06 (−0.18,0.30) 0.61 0.25 (0.01,0.50) 0.06b

Abbreviations: BMI body mass index; CI, Confidence Interval.

β values reflect the difference in BMI (Kg/m2) for each increased hour of each sleep variable.

Unadjusted Model: univariate association of sleep duration, bedtime and wake-up time, and BMI.

Adjusted Model 1: sleep duration, bedtime, and wake-up time were separately entered into multiple models after adjusting for the participants' gender, age, marital status, education, diet quality, weekly physical activity duration, alcohol, and smoking.

Significant P−values ≤ 0.05 are shown in bold.

a

Adjusted Model 2: sleep duration and bedtime were simultaneously entered into multiple models after adjusting for the participants' gender, age, marital status, education, diet quality, weekly physical activity duration, alcohol, and smoking.

b

Adjusted Model 2: wake-up time and sleep duration were simultaneously entered into multiple models after adjusting for the participants' gender, age, marital status, education, diet quality, weekly physical activity duration, alcohol, and smoking.