Table 2.
Statements with or without consensus among participants.
| Statement | Consensus reacheda |
|---|---|
| Definitions of obesity | |
| Obesity is a chronic, lifelong disease | Yes |
| Obesity is a complex disease | Yes |
| Obesity is defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair, or present a risk to, health | Yes |
| Obesity is defined as abnormal or excessive adiposity that may impair, or present a risk to, health | No |
| Obesity is a chronic, complex disease defined by excessive adiposity that may impair health | No |
| Obesity can be measured by calculating body mass index | No |
| Causes of obesity development | |
| Genetic factors are among the main causes of developing obesity | Yes |
| Environmental factors are among the main causes of developing obesity | Yes |
| Psychological factors are among the main causes of developing obesity | No |
| Pre-existing medical conditions are among the main causes of developing obesity | No |
| Endocrine disorders are among the main causes of developing obesity | No |
| Medication is among the main causes of developing obesity | No |
| The interaction between genetics and environmental factors is among the main causes of developing obesity | Yes |
| An imbalance between energy intake and energy output is among the main causes of developing obesity | No |
| Factors exacerbating obesity | |
| Psychological factors are among the main factors that exacerbate obesity | Yes |
| Biological (including genetic) predisposition is among the main factors that exacerbate obesity | Yes |
| Environmental factors are among the main factors that exacerbate obesity | Yes |
| An imbalance between energy intake and energy output is among the main factors that exacerbate obesity | No |
| Stigma, bias, and lack of social support are among the main factors that exacerbate obesity | Yes |
| Socioeconomic factors are among the main factors that exacerbate obesity | Yes |
| Obesity treatment options | |
| Obesity treatment options should include bariatric surgery, where appropriate | Yes |
| Obesity treatment options should include pharmacological solutions, where appropriate | Yes |
| Obesity treatment options should include lifestyle interventions | Yes |
| Obesity treatment options should include psychological therapies, where appropriate | Yes |
| Obesity treatment options should take a multidisciplinary and holistic approach | Yes |
| Obesity treatment options should be person-centred and individualised | Yes |
| Obesity treatment options should aim at improving health outcomes | Yes |
| Obesity treatment options should aim at weight loss | No |
| Obesity management | |
| Obesity management should refer to the lifelong approach to obesity as a chronic, relapsing disease | Yes |
| Obesity management should include a personalised, holistic plan | Yes |
| An obesity management plan should be co-designed by the healthcare team and the individual | Yes |
| Obesity management should aim to improve overall health and quality of life | Yes |
| Obesity management should not only focus on weight management | Yes |
| Medical complications of obesity | |
| Cardiovascular diseases (such as hypertension or heart disease) are among the main medical complications of obesity | Yes |
| Type 2 diabetes is among the main medical complications of obesity | Yes |
| Certain cancers are among the main medical complications of obesity | Yes |
| Mental health conditions (such as anxiety and depression) are among the main medical complications of obesity | Yes |
| Mechanical complications (such as arthritis and obstructive sleep apnoea) are among the main medical complications of obesity | Yes |
a
Consensus was reached if agreed by ≥70% of participants.