Table 2.
Comparison of baseline and final clinical and biochemical characteristics.
| Compensated (n = 86) |
AD (n = 52) |
ACLF (n = 48) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| At inclusion | End of follow-up | At inclusion | End of follow-up | At inclusion | End of follow-up | |
| Child-Pugh (%) | ||||||
| A | 50.6 | 24.4 | 13.5 | 5.8 | 10.4 | 0 |
| B | 30.6 | 46.5 | 40.4 | 23.1 | 31.3 | 2.1 |
| C | 18.8 | 29.1 | 46.2 | 71.2 | 58.3 | 97.9 |
| Child-Pugh points | 7 ± 2.4 | 7.9 ± 2.0∗∗ | 9 ± 2 | 9.8 ± 1.6∗ | 9 ± 2.4 | 11.5 ± 1.2∗∗ |
| MELD score | 12 ± 6 | 15.3 ± 7∗∗ | 16 ± 6 | 20.3 ± 7∗ | 20 ± 9 | 31.1 ± 6∗∗ |
| MELD-Na score | 13 ± 7 | 16.7 ± 7.1∗∗ | 18 ± 7 | 21.4 ± 6.8∗ | 21 ± 8 | 32.0 ± 6.9∗∗ |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dl) | 2.2 (0.9-3.5) | 2 (1.2-3.6) | 2.4 (1.7-4.1) | 3.2 (1.6-7.3)∗ | 4.6 (2.1-19.7) | 16 (6.8-28.8)∗∗ |
| Albumin (mg/dl) | 3.5 ± 0.7 | 3.1 ± 0.7∗∗ | 2.9 ± 0.7 | 2.6 ± 0.7∗ | 3 ± 0.7 | 2.8 ± 0.8 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.7 (0.6-0.9) | 0.8 (0.6-1.0) | 0.8 (0.7-1.4) | 0.9 (0.7-1.3) | 1.2 (0.7-1.8) | 2.1 (1.4-3.2)∗∗ |
| INR | 1.2 (1.1-1.3) | 1.2 (1.1-1.5) | 1.3 (1.2-1.6) | 1.4 (1.2-1.6) | 1.4 (1.3-1.7) | 1.9 (1.5-2.4)∗∗ |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 137 ± 5 | 135 ± 5 | 135 ± 7 | 132 ± 6.5 | 137 ± 6 | 134 ± 7.4 |
| Leukocytes (x103/μl) | 4.1 (3.0-6.0) | 4.5 (3.1-6.2) | 4.8 (3.2-6.6) | 4.6 (2.6-7.5) | 5.1 (2.8-7.8) | 8.5 (4.7-16.8)∗∗ |
| Neutrophils (%) | 63.4 ± 12.1 | 66.6 ± 14.6∗ | 72.3 ± 13.8 | 74.6 ± 14.8 | 72.2 ± 15.4 | 84.2 ± 10.4∗∗ |
| Precipitants of decompensation (%) | ||||||
| Infection | 50 | 62.5 | ||||
| Bleeding | 35.8 | 14.6 | ||||
| Unknown | 6.6 | 8.3 | ||||
| Other (i.e., alcohol, surgery, etc) | 7.6 | 14.6 | ||||
| Liver transplant (%) | 16.5 | 25 | 10.4 | |||
| Death (%) | 18.8 # | 21.2 || | 79.2 #,|| | |||
ACLF, acute-on-chronic liver failure; AD, acute decompensation; INR, international normalized ratio; MELD, model for end-stage liver disease.
Data presented as mean ± SD for variables with normal distribution, and median (IQR) for variables with non-normal distribution.
Paired t test and Wilcoxon test, ∗∗<0.001, ∗<0.05. Chi-squared test.
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Difference between groups compensated vs. ACLF (p <0.05)
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Difference between groups AD vs. ACLF (p <0.05).