Table 4.

Average of the means and average of the standard deviations for age, body mass index, operating time, blood loss, tumor size, spleen preservation rate, complication rate, hospital stay, and follow-up duration for multi-port laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy, reduced-port laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy, and robotic distal pancreatectomy with single-site plus one-port

Type		MP_LDP	RP_LDP	RDP_SS+1
Age		51.5 ± 14.3	51.4 ± 15.3	43.5 ± 14.2
BMI		26.2 ± 3.9	24.7 ± 3.7	21.8 ± 4
Operation time (min)		168 ± 62.7	211.9 ± 54.2	189.3 ± 70.1
Blood loss (mL)		234.2 ± 389.9	146.9 ± 165.1	24.3 ± 22
Tumor size (cm)		3.2 ± 2	3.2 ± 1.7	2.9 ± 1.2
Spleen preservation rate (%)		55.6 ± 7.3	48 ± 34	27.4 ± 17.3
Complication rate (%)	POPF	23.4 ± 4.5	27.4 ± 18.4	7.7 ± 13.3
	Others	23.0 ± 14.1	24.8 ± 18.5	21.2 ± 24.5
Hospital stay (d)		9.8 ± 7.4	10 ± 8.2	7.1 ± 1.8
Follow-up duration (mo)		37.8 ± 22.3	23.7 ± 17.3	7.8 ± 7.1

MP_LDP: Multi-port laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy; RP_LDP: Reduced-port laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy; RDP_SS+1: Robotic distal pancreatectomy with single-site plus one-port; BMI: Body mass index; POPF: Postoperative pancreatic fistula.