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. 2023 Jul 24;17:1195013. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1195013

TABLE 3.

Satorra–Bentler scaled χ2 tests comparing 1-, 2-, and 3-factor models of executive function.

1- versus 2-Factor (IR with CM) 1- versus 2-Factor (WM with CM) 1- versus 2-Factor (WM with IR) 2- (IR with CM) versus 3-Factor 2- (WM with CM) versus 3-Factor 2- (WM with IR) versus 3-Factor

Cohort
Time-
point
n Δχ2(Δdf) p Δχ2(Δdf) p Δχ2(Δdf) p Δχ2(Δdf) p Δχ2(Δdf) p Δχ2(Δdf) p
3rd-4th grade cohort 1 210 10.602 (1) 0.001 0.157 (1) 0.692 0.225 (1) 0.635 0.277 (2) 0.871 10.642 (2) 0.005 11.199 (2) 0.004
2 209 4.539 (1) 0.033 28.671 (1) <0.001 20.036 (1) <0.001 21.504 (2) <0.001 3.486 (2) 0.175 12.052 (2) 0.002
3 217 0.002 (1) 0.962 2.975 (1) 0.085 1.449 (1) 0.229 3.662 (2) 0.160 0.255 (2) 0.880 2.155 (2) 0.340
4 234 2.804 (1) 0.094 3.513 (1) 0.061 11.037 (1) 0.001 10.544 (2) 0.005 10.116 (2) 0.006 2.397 (2) 0.302
5th–6th grade cohort 1 211 9.077 (1) 0.003 1.5 (1) 0.221 3.059 (1) 0.080 3.056 (2) 0.217 10.232 (2) 0.006 9.389 (2) 0.009
2 201 9.685 (1) 0.002 18.086 (1) <0.001 9.551 (1) 0.002 12.839 (2) 0.002 7.828 (2) 0.020 14.254 (2) 0.001
3 281 10.905 (1) 0.001 2.194 (1) 0.139 17.954 (1) <0.001 15.696 (2) <0.001 30.375 (2) <0.001 10.741 (2) 0.005
4 273 9.23 (1) 0.002 14.339 (1) <0.001 38.936 (1) <0.001 18.365 (2) <0.001 13.323 (2) 0.001 7.003 (2) 0.030
7th–8th grade cohort 1 447 10.761 (1) 0.001 2.335 (1) 0.126 5.982 (1) 0.014 5.445 (2) 0.066 14.184 (2) 0.001 10.575 (2) 0.005
2 453 13.883 (1) <0.001 5.112 (1) 0.024 6.9 (1) 0.009 6.739 (2) 0.034 15.111 (2) 0.001 13.203 (2) 0.001
3 432 26.161 (1) <0.001 7.093 (1) 0.008 21.051 (1) <0.001 18.276 (2) <0.001 38.066 (2) <0.001 20.456 (2) <0.001
4 410 42.235 (1) <0.001 20.249 (1) <0.001 37.355 (1) <0.001 33.262 (2) <0.001 57.776 (2) <0.001 41.058 (2) <0.001

IR, interference resolution; CM, context monitoring; WM, working memory; Δχ2, difference in Satorra–Bentler scaled χ2 between nested and comparison models; Δdf, difference in degrees of freedom between nested and comparison models. Bolded values p-values represent cases where the more complex model shows significantly better model fit compared to the simpler model.