Table 1.
The baseline characteristics of participants
| RC | T1(< 18.50 mg/dL) | T2(18.50–25.60 mg/dL) | T3(> 25.60 mg/dL) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participants | 194 | 196 | 200 | |
| Age(years) | 31.61 ± 3.67 | 32.22 ± 3.60 | 32.35 ± 4.07 | 0.116 |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 21.05 ± 2.68 | 21.80 ± 3.49 | 23.23 ± 3.87 | < 0.001 |
| GGT(IU/L) | 11.00 (9.25–14.00) | 11.00 (9.00–14.00) | 13.00 (10.00–18.00) | < 0.001 |
| TC (mg/dL) | 161.24 ± 22.28 | 172.31 ± 25.41 | 184.68 ± 28.33 | < 0.001 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 76.42 ± 12.71 | 109.54 ± 10.22 | 169.55 ± 44.69 | < 0.001 |
| HDL-c(mg/dL) | 66.51 ± 11.91 | 65.96 ± 13.81 | 62.34 ± 14.42 | 0.004 |
| LDL-c(mg/dL) | 79.46 ± 19.13 | 84.44 ± 20.38 | 88.05 ± 24.59 | < 0.001 |
| HLR | 0.90 ± 0.32 | 0.83 ± 0.30 | 0.77 ± 0.31 | |
| RC (mg/dL) | 15.27 ± 2.52 | 21.90 ± 2.04 | 34.29 ± 9.79 | < 0.001 |
| Adipokines(ng/mL) | 6402.45 (3847.80–9978.28) | 5482.90 (3196.80–8228.60) | 3739.35 (2062.43–6010.28) | < 0.001 |
| AST(IU/L) | 16.00 (14.00–18.75) | 16.00 (14.00–19.00) | 17.00 (14.00–21.00) | 0.085 |
| ALT(IU/L) | 11.00 (8.00–14.00) | 11.00 (8.00–15.00) | 11.50 (8.00–18.00) | 0.068 |
| FPG (mg/dL) | 75.84 ± 8.95 | 77.14 ± 9.96 | 78.09 ± 10.17 | 0.058 |
| Insulin(μIU/mL) | 6.70 (4.32–10.07) | 7.95 (5.30–10.93) | 10.30 (7.30–15.07) | < 0.001 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.30 (0.80–1.90) | 1.50 (0.90–2.20) | 2.00 (1.30–2.82) | < 0.001 |
| Nulliparity(n,%) | 0.069 | |||
| No | 115 (59.28%) | 98 (50.00%) | 97 (48.50%) | |
| Yes | 79 (40.72%) | 98 (50.00%) | 103 (51.50%) | |
| Hepatic steatosis(n,%) | < 0.001 | |||
| Grade 0 | 167 (86.08%) | 171 (87.24%) | 141 (70.50%) | |
| Grade 1 | 27 (13.92%) | 19 (9.69%) | 39 (19.50%) | |
| Grade 2 | 0 (0.00%) | 5 (2.55%) | 13 (6.50%) | |
| Grade 3 | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (0.51%) | 7 (3.50%) |
Continuous variables were summarized as mean (SD) or medians (quartile interval); categorical variables were displayed as a percentage (%)
RC remnant cholesterol, BMI body mass index, ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, GGT gamma-glutamyl transferase, HDL-c high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TC total cholesterol, TG triglycerides, LDL-c low-density lipid cholesterol, HLR high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to low-density lipid cholesterol ratio, FPG fasting plasma glucose, HOMA-IR homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance