Table 3.

Item analysis of the scale

Item	t-Value	p	Factor loading	Cronbach’s α if item deleted	Corrected item-total correlation coefficients	Retained item
1	11.932	＜0.001	0.812	0.886 (↓)	0.572**	√
2	6.887	＜0.001	0.666	0.890 (↓)	0.423**	√
3	14.241	＜0.001	0.622	0.885 (↓)	0.612**	√
4	12.844	＜0.001	0.851	0.885 (↓)	0.602**	√
5	10.003	＜0.001	0.751	0.889 (↓)	0.478**	√
6	12.804	＜0.001	0.839	0.885 (↓)	0.592**	√
7	9.965	＜0.001	0.844	0.888 (↓)	0.507**	√
8	9.300	＜0.001	0.872	0.888 (↓)	0.478**	√
9	14.278	＜0.001	0.887	0.884 (↓)	0.621**	√
10	7.751	＜0.001	0.824	0.890 (↓)	0.425**	√
11	5.233	＜0.001	0.290	0.893 (↑)	0.346**	×
12	14.555	＜0.001	0.857	0.883 (↓)	0.673**	√
13	10.504	＜0.001	0.848	0.887 (↓)	0.545**	√
14	10.611	＜0.001	0.810	0.887 (↓)	0.554**	√
15	15.817	＜0.001	0.819	0.883 (↓)	0.660**	√
16	10.478	＜0.001	0.872	0.886 (↓)	0.552**	√
17	15.130	＜0.001	0.826	0.884 (↓)	0.656**	√
18	14.504	＜0.001	0.837	0.884 (↓)	0.654**	√
19	15.433	＜0.001	0.836	0.883 (↓)	0.691**	√
20	18.096	＜0.001	0.817	0.882 (↓)	0.710**	√
21	10.659	＜0.001	0.655	0.889 (↓)	0.464**	√
22	5.732	＜0.001	0.280	0.892 (↑)	0.389**	×

Note. “√” indicates that the item was selected; ^** indicates significance p < 0.01; “↓” indicates that once the item is deleted, the

Cronbach’s α decreases