Table 3.
Review of some of the previous studies that utilized optical near infrared autofluorescence for parathyroid glands detection.
| Author | Institute/Country | Year published | Number of Participants | Detection percentage | Sensitivity | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| McWade (14) | Vanderbilt University/USA | 2014 | 110 | 100% | 100% | First study to report on the use of optical NIRAF imaging system. |
| Falco (15) | University of Buenos Aires/Argentina | 2016 | 28 | 100% | 100% | Used FDA approved device Fluobeam 800 (Fluoptics). |
| De Leeuw (16) | Université Paris-Saclay/France | 2016 | 35 | 98% | 99% | Used Fluobeam 800 (Fluoptics), reported higher AF signal in vivo than ex vivo |
| Kim (17) | Kosin University/South Korea | 2016 | 8 | 100% | N/A | Lab-built system was used. |
| Ladurner (18) | Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München/Germany | 2017 | 25 | 81% | 100% | Lab built using Karl Storz NIR/ICG camera |
| Shinden (19) | Kagoshima University/Japan | 2017 | 17 | 100% | 100% | Used new optical system PDE (Hamamatsu) |
| Kahramangil (20) | Cleveland clinic/USA | 2017 | 44 | 98% | N/A | Used Fluobeam 800 and ICG fluorescence to evaluate PGs perfusion. |
| Benmiloud (21) | Hôpital Européen de Marseille/France | 2018 | 93 | 76% | N/A | Used Fluobeam 800 (Fluoptics), focused on postoperative calcium and PTH levels. |
| Kahramangil (22) | Multicenter | 2018 | 210 | 98% | N/A | Multicenter study using Fluobeam. |
| Kose (23) | Cleveland clinic/USA | 2019 | 50 | 96% | 96.5% | Used Fluobeam 800 (Fluoptics) to examine 199 PGs. |
| Squires (24) | The Ohio state university/USA | 2019 | 59 | 87% | 87% | Used new precommercial device PDE Neo II (Hamamatsu). |
| DiMarco (25) | Hammersmith Hospital/UK | 2019 | 96 | 90.5% | 98% | Used Fluobeam 800 (Fluoptics) and targeted parathyroidectomy cases. |
| Kim (7) | Johns Hopkins Hospital/USA | 2019 | 26 | 98% | N/A | Used hANDY-I (Optosurgical). |
| Kose (26) | Cleveland clinic/USA | 2020 | 310 | 98% | 98.5% | Used Fluobeam 800 (Fluoptics), found that 21% of abnormal glands were recognized with NIRAF first. |
| Papavramidis (27) | Aristotle University of Thessaloniki/Greece | 2021 | 180 | N/A | N/A | Randomized-controlled trial used Fluobeam LX (Fluoptics) found reduced rates of unintentional PG excision with NIRAF used. |
NIRAF, Near Infrared Autofluorescence; FDA, Food and Drug Administration; ICG, Indocyanine green; PG, Parathyroid gland; PTH, Parathyroid hormone; N/A, Not applicable or not reported.