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. 2022 Sep 1;10(3):287–312. doi: 10.1080/23328940.2022.2115274

Table 2.

Studies that investigated the core body temperature at fatigue/exhaustion in rats subjected to constant-speed exercises on a treadmill.

Authors(year) Number, sex, and strain Body mass(g) Time to fatigue (min) Distance traveled (m) Ambient temperature (°C) Time of the day(h) TCORE measured TCORE at exercise initiation (°C) TCORE at fatigue(°C)
Hubbard et al. (1976) 30 male Sprague-Dawley 484 ± 15 100 ± 30 1,100 5 NR Rectal 38.4 ± 0.6 39.7 ± 0.7
22 male Sprague-Dawley 488 ± 17 57 ± 23 627 20, 23 or 26 NR Rectal 38.1 ± 0.7 41.5 ± 0.2
41 male Sprague-Dawley 486 ± 15 55 ± 22 605 20, 23 or 26 NR Rectal 38.4 ± 0.6 41.9 ± 0.4
Hubbard et al. (1977) 21 male Sprague-Dawley 485–545 57 ± 30 627 5, 20, 23 or 26 NR Rectal NR 41.1 ± 0.4
16 male Sprague-Dawley 485–545 58 ± 19 638 5, 20, 23 or 26 NR Rectal NR 41.5 ± 0.3
19 male Sprague-Dawley 485–545 50 ± 16 550 5, 20, 23 or 26 NR Rectal NR 41.8 ± 0.3
22 male Sprague-Dawley 485–545 50 ± 12 550 5, 20, 23 or 26 NR Rectal NR 42.0 ± 0.4
40 male Sprague-Dawley 485–545 65 ± 23 715 5, 20, 23 or 26 NR Rectal NR 42.3 ± 0.5
Francesconi & Mager (1979a) 6 male Sprague-Dawley 280–350 25.8 ± 1.4 236 35 ± 1 NR Rectal 38.2 42.9 ± 0.1
6 male Sprague-Dawley 280–350 25.1 ± 1.1 229 35 ± 1 NR Rectal 37.4 42.7 ± 0.1
Francesconi & Mager (1979b) 27 male Sprague-Dawley 300–400 NR NR 34–35 NR Rectal NR 42.7 ± 0.1
Hubbard et al. (1979) 13 male Sprague-Dawley 485 ± 12 145.3 1,598 5 8 Rectal NR 38.2 ± 1.1
57 male Sprague-Dawley 485 ± 12 68.1 749 20, 26 or 30 8 Rectal NR 41.5 ± 1.0
Francesconi & Mager (1980) 13 male Sprague-Dawley 280–340 32.9 ± 1.7 301 35 NR Rectal 37.0 42.6 ± 0.1
Francesconi & Mager (1981a) 13 male Sprague-Dawley 250–350 32.9 ± 1.7 301 35 ± 0.5 NR Rectal 37.6 42.6 ± 0.1
Francesconi & Mager (1981b) 16 male Sprague-Dawley 250–350 30.5 ± 2.3 279 35 ± 0.5 NR Rectal 38.4 42.9 ± 0.3
Francesconi & Mager (1981c) 12 male Sprague-Dawley 275–350 32.3 245 35 ± 0.5 NR Rectal 37.4 42.41
Hubbard et al. (1981)
 12 male Sprague-Dawley
 250–300
 113.3
 1,246
 15
 NR
 Rectal
 37.9 ± 0.7
 39.9 ± 0.5
Authors(year)
 Number, sex, and strain
 Body mass(g)
 Time to fatigue (min)
 Distance traveled (m)
 Ambient temperature (°C)
 Time of the day(h)
 TCORE measured
 TCORE at exercise initiation (°C)
 TCORE at fatigue(°C)
Hubbard et al. (1981) 12 male Sprague-Dawley 250–300 117.7 1,295 20 NR Rectal 37.9 ± 0.7 41.1 ± 0.5
Francesconi et al. (1983a) 12 male Sprague-Dawley 310–325 37.0 338 35 NR Rectal NR 43.0
Francesconi et al. (1983b) 22 males 300–325 34.7 ± 1.4 317 35 ± 0.5 NR Rectal 38.7 43.4
Francesconi & Hubbard (1985) 16 male Sprague-Dawley 322.7 ± 4.5 31.6 289 35.5 NR Rectal 38.3 43.0
16 male Sprague-Dawley 297.3 ± 3.7 35.1 321 35.5 NR Rectal 38.5 42.1
Durkot et al. (1986) 16 male Sprague-Dawley 237 ± 3.0 221 ± 26 2,431 26 6 to 12 Rectal 37.5 41.7 ± 0.2
16 male Sprague-Dawley 256 ± 3.0 108 ± 10 1,188 26 6 to 12 Rectal 38.0 42.3 ± 0.1
16 male Sprague-Dawley 503 ± 3.0 67 ± 7 737 26 6 to 12 Rectal 38.2 42.0 ± 0.1
16 male Sprague-Dawley 504 ± 3.0 54 ± 4 594 26 6 to 12 Rectal 38.6 41.9 ± 0.1
Francesconi & Hubbard (1986) 16 male Sprague-Dawley 320 ± 4.7 31.9 ± 1.1 292 35.5 ± 0.5 NR Rectal 38.4 ± 0.1 43.0
Matthew et al. (1987) 10 male Sprague-Dawley 510–530 53 583 26 NR Rectal 38.6 ± 0.2 41.6 ± 0.2
Matthew et al. (1990) 8 male Sprague-Dawley 510–530 62 ± 8 682 26 NR NR 38.8 ± 0.2 42.1
Caputa & Kamari (1991) 12 male/female Wistar NR 62.1 ± 5.4 1,552 18 → 5 NR Rectal 37.2 37.7
12 male/female Wistar NR 62.1 ± 5.4 1,552 18 → 5 NR Brain 37.5 37.8
12 male/female Wistar NR 16.2 ± 1.2 405 45 → 27 NR Rectal 40.4 41.6
12 male/female Wistar NR 16.2 ± 1.2 405 45 → 27 NR Brain 40.3 41.4
Durkot et al. (1992) 12 male Sprague-Dawley 362 ± 7 70.3 ± 3.3 773 30 NR Rectal 37.2 42.1
Matthew et al. (1992) 12 male Sprague-Dawley 510–530 67 ± 6 737 26 NR Rectal 38.8 ± 0.1 41.8 ± 0.2
Matthew et al. (1993)
 12 male Sprague-Dawley
 510–530
 80.1
 881
 10
 NR
 Rectal
 38.8 ± 0.1
 39.4 ± 0.3
Authors(year)
 Number, sex, and strain
 Body mass(g)
 Time to fatigue (min)
 Distance traveled (m)
 Ambient temperature (°C)
 Time of the day(h)
 TCORE measured
 TCORE at exercise initiation (°C)
 TCORE at fatigue(°C)
Matthew et al. (1993) 12 male Sprague-Dawley 510–530 90.4 994 15 NR Rectal 39.0 ± 0.1 40.5 ± 0.3
12 male Sprague-Dawley 510–530 67.6 744 26 NR Rectal 38.8 ± 0.1 41.8 ± 0.2
12 male Sprague-Dawley 510–530 30.0 330 30 NR Rectal 39.0 ± 0.1 42.8 ± 0.1
Durkot et al. (1995) 20 male Sprague-Dawley 300–400 101.3 ± 5.0 1,114 26 NR Rectal 38.5 ± 0.1 41.3 ± 0.2
Fuller et al. (1998) 14 male Sprague-Dawley 350–450 29.4 ± 5.9 441 33 15.5 Abdominal 37.7 ± 0.6 39.9 ± 0.3
14 male Sprague-Dawley 350–450 29.4 ± 5.9 441 33 15.5 Brain 37.8 ± 0.6 40.2 ± 0.4
14 male Sprague-Dawley 350–450 22.1 ± 3.7 332 38 15.5 Abdominal 37.8 ± 0.5 39.9 ± 0.3
14 male Sprague-Dawley 350–450 22.1 ± 3.7 332 38 15.5 Brain 37.9 ± 0.6 40.2 ± 0.4
14 male Sprague-Dawley 350–450 14.3 ± 2.9 215 38 15.5 Abdominal 38.2 ± 0.2 39.8 ± 0.3
14 male Sprague-Dawley 350–450 14.3 ± 2.9 215 38 15.5 Brain 38.3 ± 0.2 40.1 ± 0.4
Moran et al. (1999) 8 male Zabar 300–350 14 ± 1 350 40 NR Colonic NR 40.9 ± 0.2
Durkot et al. (2000) 20 male Sprague-Dawley 350 41 ± 4 451 30 NR Rectal 38.1 ± 0.1 41.3 ± 0.2
Walters et al. (2000) 11 male Sprague-Dawley 380–390 38.1 ± 5.5 686 35 ± 1 12 to 13 Rectal 39.5 ± 0.1 42.4 ± 0.1
11 male Sprague-Dawley 380–390 38.1 ± 5.5 686 35 ± 1 12 to 13 Brain 39.4 ± 0.1 42.2 ± 0.2
11 male Sprague-Dawley 380–390 35.8 ± 3.9 644 35 ± 1 12 to 13 Rectal 39.0 ± 0.2 42.5 ± 0.1
11 male Sprague-Dawley 380–390 35.8 ± 3.9 644 35 ± 1 12 to 13 Brain 39.0 ± 0.2 42.2 ± 0.2
Rodrigues et al. (2003) 6 male Wistar 260–360 57.7 ± 8.6 1,212 22 NR Abdominal 37.2 ± 0.2 39.3 ± 0.3
  6 male Wistar 260–360 41.6 ± 8.1 874 28 NR Abdominal 37.6 ± 0.2 39.9 ± 0.3
  6 male Wistar 260–360 28.3 ± 5.4 594 35 NR Abdominal 37.4 ± 0.1 41.3 ± 0.2
  6 male Wistar 260–360 38.3 ± 5.8 919 22 NR Abdominal 37.2 ± 0.1 39.0 ± 0.2
 
 6 male Wistar
 260–360
 25.8 ± 3.2
 619
 28
 NR
 Abdominal
 37.7 ± 0.2
 40.2 ± 0.2
Authors(year)
 Number, sex, and strain
 Body mass(g)
 Time to fatigue (min)
 Distance traveled (m)
 Ambient temperature (°C)
 Time of the day(h)
 TCORE measured
 TCORE at exercise initiation (°C)
 TCORE at fatigue(°C)
Rodrigues et al. (2003) 6 male Wistar 260–360 17.2 ± 2.2 413 35 NR Abdominal 37.3 ± 0.2 40.5 ± 0.1
Rodrigues et al. (2004) 8 male Wistar 250–300 52.5 ± 1.8 1,050 23 ± 2 10 to 14 Colonic 37.3 ± 0.1 39.1 ± 0.1
Soares et al. (2004) 6 male Wistar 270 ± 20 40 ± 3 720 23 ± 2 10 to 14 Abdominal 37.5 ± 0.2 38.0 ± 0.3
Lacerda et al. (2005) 6 male Wistar 250–340 92.7 1,667 21 ± 2 13 to 17 Colonic 37.3 39.2 ± 0.1
Leite et al. (2006) 15 male Wistar 240–330 52.5 ± 6.7 945 22 ± 2 10 to 14 Abdominal 37.6 38.7 ± 0.1
Pires et al. (2007) 8 male Wistar 250–300 27.8 ± 5.4 667 26 ± 1 9 to 16 Abdominal 37.5 ± 0.2 38.5 ± 0.4
Wanner et al. (2007) 8 male Wistar 250 − 300 33.5 ± 3.4 804 23 ± 1 NR Abdominal 36.8 ± 0.4 38.0
4 male Wistar 250 − 300 23.7 ± 2.5 569 23 ± 1 NR Abdominal 36.8 ± 0.2 37.8
Hasegawa et al. (2008) 8 male Wistar 300–350 143.6 ± 21 3,734 18 NR Abdominal 37.8 ± 0.8 39.6 ± 0.6
8 male Wistar 300–350 143.6 ± 21 3,734 18 NR Brain 37.9 39.1 ± 0.8
8 male Wistar 300–350 65.8 ± 13 1,711 30 NR Abdominal 37.6 ± 0.8 41.0 ± 0.7
8 male Wistar 300–350 65.8 ± 13 1,711 30 NR Brain 37.8 40.5 ± 0.7
Rodrigues et al. (2008) 7 male Wistar 300 ± 20 53.2 ± 2.5 1,064 23 ± 2 10 to 14 Colonic 37.3 ± 0.1 38.9 ± 0.1
Leite et al. (2010) 6 male Wistar 290 ± 10 70.7 ± 6.6 1,273 22 ± 2 10 to 14 Abdominal 37.3 38.7 ± 0.1
Pires et al. (2010) 23 male Wistar 250–350 51 ± 4 918 26 9 to 16 Abdominal 38.0 ± 0.1 38.8 ± 0.1
5 male Wistar 250–350 45.8 824 26 9 to 16 Abdominal 38.0 38.8
Guimarães et al. (2013) 9 male Wistar 250–350 74.7 ± 12.8 1,494 8 NR Abdominal 37.2 ± 0.4 36.5 ± 0.4
9 male Wistar 250–350 63.9 ± 7.1 1,278 12 NR Abdominal 37.2 ± 0.3 37.1 ± 0.4
9 male Wistar 250–350 61.3 ± 6.8 1,226 15 NR Abdominal 37.0 ± 0.3 37.6 ± 0.4
7 male Wistar 250–350 53.7 ± 6.7 1,074 5 NR Abdominal 36.0 ± 0.3 34.9
7 male Wistar 250–350 49.3 ± 3.7 986 12 NR Abdominal 37.1 ± 0.3 37.3 ± 0.3
6 male Wistar 250–350 50.7 ± 4.6 1,014 15 NR Abdominal 36.8 ± 0.2 37.4
Pires et al. (2013) 6 male Wistar 280–350 66 ± 11 1,188 25 8 to 16 Abdominal 37.5 38.5
6 male Wistar 280–350 23 ± 2.0 414 35 8 to 16 Abdominal 37.7 40.9 ± 0.1
Campos et al. (2014) 8 male Wistar 350–450 47.0 ± 7.1 630 25 7 to 12 Abdominal 36.9 38.9
 
 8 male Wistar
 350–450
 15.8 ± 1.0
 211
 32
 7 to 12
 Abdominal
 37.1
 39.1
Authors(year)
 Number, sex, and strain
 Body mass(g)
 Time to fatigue (min)
 Distance traveled (m)
 Ambient temperature (°C)
 Time of the day(h)
 TCORE measured
 TCORE at exercise initiation (°C)
 TCORE at fatigue(°C)
Cordeiro et al. (2014) 6 male Wistar 250–300 70.7 ± 20.8 1,273 23 NR Abdominal 37.5 ± 0.1 38.5 ± 0.1
Fonseca et al. (2014) 6 male Wistar 250–365 67.1 ± 13.7 1,342 12 13 to 18 Abdominal 37.3 ± 0.1 37.7 ± 0.2
6 male Wistar 250–365 67.1 ± 13.7 1,342 12 13 to 18 Brain 37.4 ± 0.3 37.7 ± 0.2
7 male Wistar 250–365 75.8 ± 13.2 1,516 12 13 to 18 Abdominal 37.2 37.4
7 male Wistar 250–365 75.8 ± 13.2 1,516 12 13 to 18 Brain 37.4 37.5
7 male Wistar 250–365 31.5 ± 5.6 630 25 13 to 18 Abdominal 37.4 ± 0.1 38.8 ± 0.2
7 male Wistar 250–365 31.5 ± 5.6 630 25 13 to 18 Brain 37.7 ± 0.1 39.2 ± 0.1
7 male Wistar 250–365 38.4 ± 6.1 768 25 13 to 18 Abdominal 37.5 39.0
  7 male Wistar 250–365 38.4 ± 6.1 768 25 13 to 18 Brain 37.7 39.2
Kunstetter et al. (2014) 9 male Wistar 250–350 207 ± 15 3,726 25.2 ± 0.2 10 to 16 Brain 37.2 ± 0.1 40.5 ± 0.3
9 male Wistar 250–350 149 ± 14 3,129 25.2 ± 0.2 10 to 16 Brain 37.3 ± 0.1 40.3 ± 0.3
9 male Wistar 250–350 62 ± 11 1,488 25.2 ± 0.2 10 to 16 Brain 37.2 ± 0.1 40.1 ± 0.2
Lima et al. (2014) 10 male Wistar 240–330 61.2 ± 8.4 1,102 23 ± 1 7 to 12 Abdominal 37.4 ± 0.1 39.5 ± 0.2
Zheng et al. (2014) 10 male Wistar 300–350 104.4 ± 30.9 1,879 23 NR Abdominal 37.6 ± 0.2 39.8 ± 0.6
Damasceno et al. (2015) 6 male Wistar 250–350 113.3 ± 25.0 2,379 24 ± 1 7 to 11 Abdominal 36.9 39.5
6 male Wistar 250–350 113.3 ± 25.0 2,379 24 ± 1 7 to 11 Brain 37.6 39.6
Wanner et al. (2015) 14 male Wistar 250–280 27.2 ± 1.8 490 24.1 ± 0.4 NR Abdominal 37.9 ± 0.1 38.9 ± 0.1
Drummond et al. (2016) 8 male Wistar 383 ± 11 177.5 ± 8.6 2,485 25 7 to 13 Abdominal 36.8 38.9 ± 0.2
8 male Wistar 383 ± 11 177.5 ± 8.6 2,485 25 7 to 13 Brain 36.8 38.4 ± 0.2
8 male Wistar 383 ± 11 78.8 ± 11.8 1,103 32 7 to 13 Abdominal 36.9 40.7
8 male Wistar 383 ± 11 78.8 ± 11.8 1,103 32 7 to 13 Brain 36.9 40.2
Zheng et al. (2016) 10 male Wistar 300–350 91 ± 14.1 1,638 23 NR Abdominal 37.8 39.7 ± 0.5
Malheiros-Lima et al. (2018) 14 male Wistar 307 39 ± 3 702 25 NR Abdominal 37.1 38.7 ± 0.2
Zaretsky et al. (2018) 7 male Sprague-Dawley 300 ± 20 15.2 ± 1.8 274 32 ± 1 10 to 16 Abdominal 37.6 ± 0.1 40.0 ± 0.4
Gomes et al. (2019) 8 male Wistar 390–463 21.9 ± 1.91 350 25 NR Abdominal 36.4 39.8
Lima et al. (2019) 7 male Wistar 250–350 287.0 ± 14.7 4,908 23 ± 1 8 to 12 Abdominal 37.0 ± 0.5 38.6 ± 0.3
Rabelo et al. (2019) 7 male Wistar 240–280 49.0 ± 8.4 490 24 ± 1 8 to 12 Abdominal 36.2 ± 0.1 38.1 ± 0.3
6 male Wistar 240–280 109.4 ± 8.3 1,422 24 ± 1 8 to 12 Abdominal 36.3 ± 0.1 38.1 ± 0.5
7 male Wistar 240–280 224.6 ± 26.7 4,267 24 ± 1 8 to 12 Abdominal 36.6 ± 0.4 39.1 ± 0.2
Wang et al. (2019) 8 male Wistar 270 ± 30 68.9 ± 10.0 1,446 38 to 40 NR Rectal 37.1 40.8 ± 0.4
Rodovalho et al. (2020) 7 male Wistar 280–330 37.9 ± 10.0 682 NR NR Abdominal 37.9 38.9
Lubbe et al. (2021) 12 male Sprague-Dawley 150 ± 10 5.59 168 NR NR Rectal 33.5 ± 0.5 35.4 ± 1.0
12 female Sprague-Dawley 150 ± 10 8.83 265 NR NR Rectal 34.8 ± 1.0 37.1 ± 0.8

Data are expressed as means ± standard deviations or standard errors. Legend: NR = not reported. The data in italics were kindly provided by the corresponding/first authors, correspond to estimated values calculated from data included in the manuscripts, or were extracted from figures using the WebPlotDigitizer software.