Table 2.
Characteristics of patients with ICI-DM.
| Characteristic | Value |
|---|---|
| Interval to onset after ICIs therapy initiation | |
| Number of cycles of therapy, n | 10 (5–12) |
| Duration to onset, weeks | 44.1 (18.4–52.3) |
| Glucose at diagnosis, mmol/L | 28.6 (18.5–33.3) |
| HbA1c at diagnosis, % | 8.5 (7.5–10.0) |
| CTCAE level at diagnosis(n) | |
| II | 3 |
| III | 8 |
| IV | 12 |
| DKA (n, yes/no) | 15/8 |
| C-peptide at diagnosis, pmol/L | 8.62 (3.33–46.05) |
| Fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus (n, yes/no) | 14/9 |
| β-cell antibodies, n positive/n tested (%) | |
| GADA* | 4/1/20 |
| ICA | 0/20 |
| IA-2A | 0/20 |
| IAA | 0/20 |
| Increased amylase (n, yes/no/untested) | 2/9/12 |
| History of DM (n, yes/no) | 2/21 |
| Best response of ICIs treatment(n, CR/PR/SD/PD) | 1/5/14/3 |
| Combined other endocrine glands irAE(n) | |
| Thyroid | 8 |
| Hypophysitis | 3 |
| Thyroid + Adrenal gland | 1 |
| Thyroid + Hypophysitis | 1 |
| Combined non-endocrine SAE (n) | |
| Myocarditis | 1 |
| AKI | 1 |
| AKI, AMI | 1 |
| Cerebral demyelinating lesions | 1 |
| Dermatological AE | 1 |
| Treatment interrupt/withdrawal/continue (n) | 3/12/8 |
* Four cases were positive for GADAs, and one case had uncertain GADA positivity.
IAA, insulin antibody; IA-2A, insulinoma-associated protein 2 antibody; GADA, glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody; ICA, islet cell autoantibody; CR, complete response; PR, partial response; SD, stable disease; PD, progressive disease; DKA, diabetic ketoacidosis; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; CTCAE, Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events; irAE, immune-related adverse event; SAE, serious adverse event; AKI, acute kidney injury; AMI, acute myocardial infarction.