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. 2023 Jul 9;13(12):3988–4003. doi: 10.7150/thno.84650

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Normal fecal microbiota transplantation attenuates systemic and local tubulointerstitial inflammation in diabetic rats. Fecal microbiota extracted from normal control group was orally transplanted into recipient rats in the DM group (DM+FMT). (A) Serum inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, TNF-α, MCP-1 and IL-6, were measured by ELISA (n=4). (B) Tubulointerstitial inflammation was detected by immunohistochemical staining (scale bar, 500 μm and 100 μm, original magnification × 200). (C-D) Expression levels of inflammatory proteins in renal cortex were detected by Western blot analysis and quantified (n=4-5). (E-F) Histopathological injuries of tubulointerstitium were evaluated by PAS staining (scale bar, 500 μm and 100 μm, original magnification × 200) and quantified (n=5). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.