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. 2023 Jul 9;13(12):3988–4003. doi: 10.7150/thno.84650

Figure 8.

Figure 8

DM-fBEVs mediate tubulointerstitial inflammation by activating the caspase-11/caspase-1 pathway in vitro. In vitro, HK-2 cells were treated without (Control) or with 5 μg/mL Control-fBEVs or DM-fBEVs for 24 h. (A-C) Protein expression levels of pro caspase-4, active caspase-4, pro caspase-1 and active caspase-1 in HK-2 cells were detected by Western blot analysis (n=3). (D-E) mRNA expression levels of CASP4 and CASP1 in HK-2 cells were measured by qRT-PCR analysis (n=4). The expression of caspase-4 in HK-2 cells was knocked down with siRNA against CASP4 (siNC, negative control siRNA; siCASP4, CASP4 siRNA). (F-H) Protein expression levels of pro caspase-4, pro caspase-1 and active caspase-1 were determined by Western blot analysis (n=3). (I-J) mRNA expression levels of CASP4 and CASP1 were measured by qRT-PCR analysis (n=4). (K-L) Protein expression levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, MCP-1 and IL-6 were detected by Western blot analysis (n=3). (M) mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, MCP-1 and IL-6 were measured by qRT-PCR analysis (n=4). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.