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Schematic illustration of typical strategies modulating eNSPCs for the treatment of SCI. Pharmacological treatments, stem cell-derived exosome administration, gene therapy, and functional scaffold implantation can boost eNSPCs' intrinsic proliferation and differentiation capacity. Inflammatory regulation and inhibitory element delineation can remold the hostile microenvironment. All these strategies trigger eNSPCs to differentiate into neurons and oligodendrocytes but not astrocytes.
