FIGURE 1.

Overview of the agents and actions they can perform during each model iteration. The simulation starts with luminal cells (LC) and basal cells (BC) that can proliferate, die, or idle, all within physiologic regions and with fixed probabilities. The starting geometry also contains quiescent fibroblasts (F) and the passive agents (basement membrane and ECM), macrophages enter throughout the simulation. LCs can gain mutations, resulting in an increased M1-macrophage influx, once these mutated cells are sensed by macrophages. These mutated cells (TU) can additionally break down basement membrane and ECM and affect macrophage and fibroblast differentiation upon reaching mutation thresholds. Differentiated fibroblasts (CAF) proliferate, die, and can perform tumor-promoting actions. Just as the differentiated M2 macrophages, they stimulate TU proliferation and allow for TU migration. Macrophages (M1 and M2) can also kill tumor cells and die or migrate. Image created with BioRender.com.