Table 1. Reported Instrumental Setups for Specific Samplesa.
sample | light source | photonic tools | objective | resolution | detector |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
transient absorption microscopy | |||||
organic films | 5 kHz Ti:sapphire amplifier172 | OPA (700 nm) | 0.4 NA air | spatial: sub-10 μm | PMT, lock-in amplifier |
temporal: 35 fs | |||||
nanocrystal and polymer blends | 1 kHz Ti:sapphire amplifier69 | BBO (400 nm), sapphire (continuum) | 0.75 NA air | spatial: 0.3 μm | PMT |
temporal: 150 fs | |||||
perovskite films | 1 kHz Ti:sapphire amplifier115 | Argon gas tube (continuum) | 0.95 NA air | spatial: 0.7 μm | CMOS |
temporal: 250 fs | |||||
200 kHz Yb:KGW amplifier74 | YAG (continuum), sapphire (continuum) | 1.1 NA oil | spatial: 264 nm | EMCCD | |
temporal: 13 fs | |||||
single organic crystals | 200 kHz Yb fiber | sapphire (continuum) | 0.9 NA air | – | high-speed silicon array detector, spectrometer |
single nanowires | 80 MHz Ti:sapphire59 | BBO (400 nm) | 1.3 NA oil | spatial: 420 nm | APD, AOM with lock-in amplifier |
temporal: 300 fs | |||||
80 MHz Ti:sapphire173 | BBO (425 nm) | 0.8 NA air | spatial: 600 nm | balanced photodiode, AOM with lock-in amplifier | |
temporal: 500 fs | |||||
single nanoparticles | 86 MHz Ti:sapphire124 | BBO (400 nm), photonic crystal fiber (continuum) | 1.4 NA oil | spatial: 600 nm | amplifying photodiode, chopper with lock-in amplifier |
temporal: sub-100 fs | |||||
80 MHz Ti:sapphire123 | OPO (530 nm) | 1.3 NA oil | spatial: ∼350 nm | APD, AOM with lock-in amplifier | |
temporal: 140 fs | |||||
single molecules | 85 MHz Ti:sapphire168 | SLM (600–1000 nm) | 0.52 NA reflective | spatial: 1 μm | EMCCD |
temporal: 6 fs | |||||
ultrafast two-dimensional microscopy | |||||
polymer beads | 1 kHz Ti:sapphire amplifier129 | OPA (5 μm) | 0.4 NA reflective | spatial: ∼15 μm | MCT array detector, spectrometer |
temporal: 100 fs | |||||
nanocrystal thin films | 100 kHz Yb amplifier174 | NOPA (585 nm) | 0.13 NA aspheric lens | spatial: 17 μm | CCD, spectrometer |
temporal: 80 fs | |||||
single organic crystals | 100 kHz Yb amplifier127 | YAG (continuum) | 0.65 NA reflective | spatial: <1 μm | linear CCD array, spectrometer |
temporal: 33 fs | |||||
bacteria | 83 MHz Ti:sapphire130 | – | 1.2 NA water | spatial: 0.83 μm | APD, lock-in amplifier |
temporal: 20 fs |
Abbreviations: Beta barium borate (BBO), yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG), optical parametric amplifier (OPA), optical parametric oscillator (OPO), spatial light modulator (SLM), noncollinear OPA (NOPA), photomultiplier tube (PMT), complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS), charge-coupled device (CCD), electron multiplying CCD (EMCCD), avalanche photodiode (APD), mercury cadmium telluride (MCT).