Table 18.

Nonacademic effect sizes with and without left‐side trim and fill imputation.

Outcome	N of effect sizes	Estimated N of missing effect sizes (SE of N)	Random‐effects Hedges’ g (95% CI) without imputation	Random‐effects Hedges’ g (95% CI) with L0 trim and fill imputation
Composite of nonacademic outcomes	91	9 (6.14)	0.23 (0.15, 0.30)	0.16 (0.08, 0.25)
Creativity	24	0 (2.95)	0.25 (0.05, 0.45)	NA
Executive function	34	6 (3.88)	0.18 (0.07, 0.28)	0.09 (−0.03, 0.21)
Inner experience of school	10	3 (2.13)	0.33 (0.12, 0.54)	0.22 (0.03, 0.42)
Social skills	23	5 (3.21)	0.22 (0.07, 0.38)	0.10 (−0.07, 0.28)

Note: Outcomes with an NA indicate that there was enough symmetry that the trim and fill algorithm did not estimate any effect sizes to be missing and, therefore, no effect sizes were imputed. Random‐effects effect size estimates were for imputed and nonimputed estimates to facilitate comparison; there, these effect size estimates may differ from the cluster‐robust estimates presented elsewhere. L0 means left–side imputation.

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.