Table 4.

Generalization results for each model pre-trained on SALD and applied to COBRE.

Test	Metrics		TABS			Unet			Unet-SE			ResUnet
			Gray matter	White matter	CSF	Gray matter	White matter	CSF	Gray matter	White matter	CSF	Gray matter	White matter	CSF
Control	DICE	↑	0.872 ±0.032	0.910 ±0.024	0.902 ± 0.040	0.858 ± 0.016	0.894 ± 0.010	0.900 ± 0.025	0.846 ± 0.015	0.870 ± 0.012	0.909 ±0.024	0.832 ± 0.016	0.853 ± 0.017	0.904 ± 0.024
	Jaccard index	↑	0.774 ±0.050	0.835 ±0.042	0.824 ± 0.065	0.752 ± 0.025	0.809 ± 0.016	0.818 ± 0.041	0.733 ± 0.040	0.771 ± 0.018	0.833 ±0.040	0.712 ± 0.023	0.744 ± 0.026	0.826 ± 0.040
	Pearson	↑	0.923 ±0.025	0.952 ±0.014	0.975 ±0.006	0.918 ± 0.013	0.945 ± 0.007	0.975 ±0.004	0.904 ± 0.016	0.923 ± 0.010	0.974 ± 0.005	0.882 ± 0.020	0.914 ± 0.014	0.973 ± 0.005
	Spearman	↑	0.902 ±0.019	0.898 ± 0.010	0.754 ± 0.019	0.901 ± 0.011	0.901 ±0.003	0.757 ± 0.020	0.888 ± 0.014	0.886 ± 0.007	0.759 ±0.020	0.869 ± 0.018	0.855 ± 0.015	0.757 ± 0.020
	HD	↓	9.025 ± 1.559	9.672 ±1.274	12.994 ± 2.524	8.488 ±1.342	9.739 ± 1.209	13.619 ± 2.236	8.954 ± 1.430	10.400 ± 1.113	13.293 ± 2.378	11.023 ± 1.251	10.890 ± 1.087	12.797 ±2.601
	MSE	↓	0.026 ±0.008	0.025 ±0.008	0.007 ±0.002	0.028 ± 0.004	0.031 ± 0.004	0.008 ± 0.009	0.032 ± 0.005	0.040 ± 0.005	0.011 ± 0.001	0.042 ± 0.007	0.049 ± 0.008	0.009 ± 0.001
Schiz	DICE	↑	0.879 ±0.033	0.919 ±0.027	0.912 ±0.040	0.850 ± 0.031	0.890 ± 0.012	0.903 ± 0.031	0.835 ± 0.018	0.865 ± 0.015	0.909 ± 0.029	0.820 ± 0.019	0.845 ± 0.019	0.907 ± 0.030
	Jaccard index	↑	0.786 ±0.053	0.851 ±0.045	0.841 ±0.065	0.739 ± 0.027	0.802 ± 0.019	0.824 ± 0.051	0.718 ± 0.026	0.762 ± 0.023	0.835 ± 0.048	0.695 ± 0.027	0.731 ± 0.028	0.831 ± 0.050
	Pearson	↑	0.929 ±0.026	0.956 ±0.016	0.974 ± 0.007	0.914 ± 0.016	0.942 ± 0.008	0.975 ±0.005	0.896 ± 0.020	0.918 ± 0.013	0.974 ± 0.005	0.873 ± 0.024	0.907 ± 0.016	0.973 ± 0.005
	Spearman	↑	0.904 ±0.019	0.902 ±0.011	0.756 ± 0.022	0.896 ± 0.012	0.900 ± 0.004	0.763 ± 0.025	0.882 ± 0.017	0.883 ± 0.009	0.765 ±0.026	0.861 ± 0.021	0.849 ± 0.016	0.763 ± 0.026
	HD	↓	8.809 ± 1.718	9.715 ±1.386	13.013 ± 2.686	8.654 ±1.520	10.074 ± 1.290	13.384 ± 2.497	9.051 ± 1.701	10.597 ± 1.202	13.079 ± 2.477	11.204 ± 1.285	11.334 ± 1.070	12.425 ±2.807
	MSE	↓	0.024 ±0.008	0.023 ±0.008	0.008 ±0.002	0.030 ± 0.005	0.033 ± 0.005	0.008 ±0.001	0.035 ± 0.006	0.043 ± 0.007	0.011 ± 0.001	0.046 ± 0.008	0.054 ± 0.008	0.009 ± 0.001
Total	DICE	↑	0.875 ±0.040	0.914 ±0.026	0.907 ± 0.040	0.854 ± 0.018	0.892 ± 0.011	0.901 ± 0.028	0.841 ± 0.017	0.868 ± 0.013	0.909 ±0.027	0.826 ± 0.018	0.849 ± 0.019	0.906 ± 0.027
	Jaccard index	↑	0.780 ±0.052	0.843 ±0.044	0.832 ± 0.066	0.746 ± 0.027	0.806 ± 0.018	0.821 ± 0.046	0.725 ± 0.026	0.766 ± 0.021	0.834 ±0.045	0.703 ± 0.027	0.738 ± 0.028	0.829 ± 0.045
	Pearson	↑	0.926 ±0.025	0.954 ±0.015	0.974 ± 0.007	0.916 ± 0.015	0.943 ± 0.008	0.975 ±0.004	0.900 ± 0.019	0.920 ± 0.012	0.974 ± 0.005	0.878 ± 0.023	0.910 ± 0.015	0.973 ± 0.005
	Spearman	↑	0.903 ±0.019	0.900 ± 0.011	0.755 ±0.020	0.899 ± 0.023	0.901 ±0.003	0.760 ± 0.023	0.885 ± 0.016	0.885 ± 0.008	0.762 ±0.023	0.865 ± 0.020	0.852 ± 0.016	0.760 ± 0.023
	HD	↓	8.917 ± 1.642	9.694 ±1.330	13.003 ± 2.603	8.571 ±1.435	9.907 ± 1.260	13.501 ± 2.370	9.003 ± 1.571	10.499 ± 1.162	13.185 ± 2.427	11.114 ± 1.270	11.114 ± 1.100	12.610 ±2.709
	MSE	↓	0.025 ±0.008	0.024 ±0.008	0.008 ±0.002	0.029 ± 0.005	0.032 ± 0.005	0.008 ±0.001	0.033 ± 0.006	0.042 ± 0.006	0.011 ± 0.001	0.044 ± 0.008	0.051 ± 0.009	0.009 ± 0.001

Bold text indicates superior model performance, with equally performing model metrics both bolded. The up arrow indicates that higher numbers correspond to better performance and down arrow indicates that lower numbers correspond to better performance.