Table 1.
Baseline demographic and clinical data for participants in each study cohort.
| Variables | Multiple sclerosis cohort [at first MRI] | Healthy control cohort | Psychiatric cohort |
P-values (MS ≠ HC MS ≠ NP) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | RRMS | SPMS | PPMS | ||||
| Number of participants | 111 | 93 | 12 | 6 | 100 | 52 | N/A |
| Gender (male/female) | 19/92 | 17/76 | 2/10 | 0/6 | 35/65 | 12/40 |
p
<
0.005
p = 0.49 |
| Age (years)a [mean ±SD] | 49.59 ± 12.71 | 47.26 ± 12.15 | 61.11 ± 8.09 | 62.60 ± 8.54 | 39.05 ± 16.24 | 48.63 ± 12.64 |
p
<
0.001
p = 0.65 |
| Years of education [mean ±SD] | 13.99 ± 2.55 | 14.18 ± 2.51 | 12.42 ± 2.64 | 14.17 ± 2.23 | 16.76 ± 2.98 | 14.88 ± 2.88 |
p
<
0.001
p = 0.05 |
| Disease typeb | 93/12/6 | 93 | 12 | 6 | N/A | 19/6/27 | N/A N/A |
| Disease duration (years) c [mean ±SD] | 20.25 ± 12.16 | 18.81 ± 12.16 | 27.10 ± 11.73 | 18.66 ± 16.22 | N/A | N/A | N/A N/A |
| Baseline EDSS score d [median (IQR)] | 3.50 (2.5–4.0) | 3.16 (2.5–4.0) | 5.04 (4.38–6.5) | 4.14 (4.0–6.0) | N/A | N/A | N/A N/A |
Categorical values are reported as the number of participants and all other values are reported as mean ± standard deviation. For the MS Cohort, values are reflective of the first (baseline) MRI visit. EDSS, Expanded Disability Status Scale; IQR, Interquartile Range; N/A, Not Applicable.
aAge Range = 21–80 years; bRRMS/SPMS/PPMS (MS) and Depression Only/Anxiety Only/Both Depression and Anxiety (NP) cDisease Duration Range: 2–52 years (for All MS); dMean ± SD EDSS = 3.50 ± 1.49 (Total Range = 0–6.5).
Note: All p-values were calculated using two-tailed t-tests, except for gender (which was based on a two-tailed test for equality of proportions with continuity correction, “prop.test” in the R software package). Statistically significant p-values are indicated in bold. Some characteristics of the MS cohort (Marrie et al., 2019), and 103 healthy controls (Marrie et al., 2021b)—including three additional participants who were removed from the MRI dataset due to incidental findings—have been previously reported.